Nesting biology, immature stages, and phylogenetic placement of the Palaearctic bee Pararhophites (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). American Museum novitates ; no. 2903

Abstract

"The following subjects are described for the bee Pararhophites orobinus (Morawetz) from Pakistan: nest architecture, egg deposition, development, larval behavior, cocoon construction, floral relationships, and nest provisions. The authors present a cladistic analysis of the phylogenetic relationships of Pararhophites with other taxa of long-tongued bees using characters of nesting biology and of larval and adult anatomy. The authors agree that Pararhophites probably belongs to the megachilid lineage rather than to the anthophorid/apid line where it has been assigned in the past. McGinley does not make a formal transfer of the genus now because of the unsettled relationships of the families of long-tongued bees; Rozen places Pararhophites in the subfamily Pararhophitinae and places it in the Megachilidae (new subfamily, new placement)"--P. [1].