Browsing by Author "Miller, James Stuart, 1953-"
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Item Cladistics and classification of the Notodontidae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea) based on larval and adult morphology. Bulletin of the AMNH ; no. 204([New York] : American Museum of Natural History, 1991) Miller, James Stuart, 1953-"A phylogeny for the Notodontidae was constructed based on cladistic relationships among 52 notodontid species. The study included taxa from all previously recognized family group categories and all biogeographic regions. Twelve species, chosen from the rest of the Noctuoidea, served as an outgroup. The data set consisted of 174 morphological characters (100 from adults and 74 from final instar larvae) comprising 437 character states. Cladistic analyses using the Hennig86 parsimony program produced eight equally parsimonious trees, each with a length of 853 steps, a consistency index of 0.30, and a retention index of 0.66. All morphological characters are described and all character states are figured using line drawings, photographs, and scanning electron micrographs. Adult and larval habitus photographs for taxa used in the analysis are also included. The Notodontidae, as here defined, is a monophyletic group. Six adult and five larval synapomorphies support monophyly, but none occur universally. The genus Doa Neumoegen and Dyar (Doidae) is hypothesized to be the sister-group of the Notodontidae. Oenosandra Walker, an Australian genus formerly referred to the notodontid subfamily Thaumetopoeinae, is instead placed as the sister group of Doidae + Notodontidae. The Oenosandridae, new family, is proposed. In a reclassification of the Notodontidae, nine monophyletic subfamilies are recognized: the Thaumetopoeinae, Pygaerinae, Platychasmatinae, Notodontinae, Phalerinae, Dudusinae, Heterocampinae, Nystaleinae, and Dioptinae. The Hemiceratini of previous authors is of uncertain status, and placement of the genus Lirimiris requires further research. The new tribe Scranciini is placed in the Dudusinae. A key to notodontid subfamilies is presented, and apomorphic character states, as well as diagnoses, are listed for each group. General topics related to phylogeny of the Notodontidae are discussed. First, the question of whether taxon addition will affect the proposed classification is addressed. Platychasma virgo Butler, previously placed in its own notodontid subfamily, the Platychasmatinae, is used as a test case. When added to the analysis this species arises as a basal lineage in the Notodontidae. Topology in the rest of the cladogram is unaffected. The subfamily Platychasmatinae is retained. The proposed hypothesis of relationships among subfamilies is roughly similar to previous concepts of notodontid phylogeny. For example, the current scheme supports placement of the Thaumetopoeinae and Pygaerinae as basal groups and placement of the Dioptinae and Nystaleinae as derived sister groups. However, in most other respects this new phylogeny differs from previous hypotheses. Larval and adult data were also analyzed separately. Consensus trees for larvae and for adults show poor resolution compared to the tree based on all data. Monophyly of some subfamilies (e.g. the Dudusinae) is supported exclusively by adult synapomorphies, and of others (e.g., the Heterocampinae) by larval characters. These results suggest that constructing a stable classification for the Notodontidae requires data from both life stages. As a group, the Notodontidae do not show obvious larval host association patterns. Nevertheless, cladistic analyses suggest that almost all Salicaceae-feeders belong in a monophyletic group and that, for the most part, Fagaceae specialists are restricted to the Heterocampinae. The Dioptinae, unique among Notodontidae in being diurnal and in typically feeding on toxic plants, appear to have evolved from a nocturnal ancestor that utilized nontoxic hosts"--P. 3.Item Euchontha Walker and Pareuchontha, new genus (Lepidoptera, Dioptidae) : a revision, including description of three new species, and discussion of a male forewing modification. American Museum novitates ; ; no. 2938.(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1989) Miller, James Stuart, 1953-Item Generic revision of the Dioptinae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea, Notodontidae). (Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 321)(2009) Miller, James Stuart, 1953-The moth subfamily Dioptinae is almost entirely neotropical. One species--Phryganidia californica--occurs on the west coast of the US, while the remaining taxa are found from Mexico south to northern Argentina and Uruguay. None is known from the Old World. Most dioptines are diurnal as adults, and many exhibit aposematic coloration. A few taxa are nocturnal. Their larval hosts include the families Passifloraceae, Violaceae and Poaceae, plants famous for their use by important butterfly groups. In this paper, a revised generic classification for the Dioptinae is presented. Nearly 17,000 specimens, assembled from 38 private and institutional collections worldwide, form the basis for the first comprehensive analysis of adult morphology in the subfamily. A subset of 115 exemplar species, chosen to represent structural diversity across the Dioptinae, is subjected to detailed morphological study and cladistic analysis. The resulting matrix includes 305 characters delineated by 938 character states. Cladistic analyses produced a single most parsimonious tree, rooted using three species from the Nystaleinae--the sister-subfamily to the Dioptinae. This phylogenetic hypothesis provides the framework for a revised classification. The 456 species are assigned to 43 genera in two tribes; 10 species are treated as incertae sedis. Twelve genera are synonymized, and seven--Argentala, Chrysoglossa, Nebulosa, Notascea, Pikroprion, Proutiella, and Sagittala--are described as new. The 36 remaining genera are redescribed. Sixteen genera are further subdivided into species groups. All 574 species-group names of previous authors are addressed; in nearly all cases, primary type material was examined. Forty-seven species are newly synonymized, while 31 names are revived from synonymy. The revised classification includes 118 new combinations. Sixty-four species belonging in 30 different genera are newly described from Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela. An illustrated overview of dioptine morphology is presented, demonstrating remarkable variation in a wide range of structures. Dichotomous keys utilizing external adult anatomy are provided to the tribes, genera, species groups and species. The salient features of each genus are figured and described. Heads, labial palpi, antennae, metathoracic tympani, wing scales, wing venation, and male and female terminalia are shown through line drawings, photographs, and scanning electron micrographs. Each species is diagnosed, its habitus is illustrated in color, type material is notated, and a summary of its known geographical distribution is presented. General themes, as exemplified by the Dioptinae, are discussed. These include: Estimating species diversity in neotropical Lepidoptera; the evolution of aposematic coloration and mimicry; patterns of host-plant use; and the potential utility of characters from immature stages and DNA for further refining our understanding of dioptine evolution.Item Phylogenetic studies in the Papilioninae (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae). Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 186, article 4([New York] : American Museum of Natural History, 1987) Miller, James Stuart, 1953-"Cladistic analyses of relationships among genera in the subfamily Papilioninae reveal that many taxonomic subgroups accepted by previous authors are not monophyletic. Four tribes are recognized: The Troidini and Papilionini are considered to be sister-groups; the genus Teinopalpus is given tribal status as the sister-group to the Troidini/Papilionini; the Graphiini is the sister-group of the other three tribes. An analysis of relationships among the five genera recognized in the Graphiini suggests that Eurytides and Protographium are sister-taxa, and that Iphiclides is the sister-group of a clade which includes Lamproptera and Graphium. Four subgenera within Graphium are recognized: Pazala, Pathysa, Arisbe, and Graphium. Meandrusa is placed in the Papilionini with Papilio, the latter being retained as a single genus. Two subtribes are recognized in the Troidini, the Battiti, containing only Battus, and the Troiditi, containing six genera. Parides consists of two Old World groups, subgenera Atrophaneura and Panosmia (formerly in the genus Atrophaneura), and Neotropical species (subgenus Parides). Subgenus Atrophaneura is equivalent to the nox group of previous authors; Panosmia is equivalent to the latreillei group. Parides is hypothesized to be the sister-genus of Troides, which contains all the 'birdwings.' The genera Ornithoptera, Ripponia, and Trogonoptera are synonymized with Troides. Pachliopta, comprised of Munroe's Pachliopta plus species (subgenus Losaria) formerly in Atrophaneura, is the sister-group of a clade which includes Cressida and Euryades. A single species, Pharmacophagus antenor--removed from Atrophaneura and given generic status--is the sister-group of all other Troiditi. Area cladograms for genera in the Graphiini and Troidini reveal few patterns, but suggest that some taxa are between 50 and 80 million years old. Available character information for the fossil genus Praepapilio is insufficient to determine its phylogenetic placement with respect to extant Papilionidae"--P. [367].