Habits of some Asian woodpeckers (Aves, Picidae). Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 152, article 5
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Abstract
"The behavior of Asian woodpeckers is little known, although Asia is rich in woodpeckers, with as many as 13 species sympatric at a single locality (several places in lowland Malaya). Results of field studies conducted February to May, 1972, in India, Thailand, and Malaya are reported herein. New data on the habits, and especially the vocalizations of 29 species representing 14 genera (a fifteenth Asian genus, Sapheopipo, is discussed in a separate publication) compose the major portion of this treatise in which I discuss the following species: Picumnus innominatus, Sasia abnormis, Picoides moluccensis, P. canicapillus, P. macei, P. cathpharius, P. darjellensis, Celeus (Micropternus) brachyurus, Dryocopus javensis, Picus miniaceus, P. puniceus, P. chlorolophus, P. mentalis, P. flavinucha, P. vittatus (including viridamus), P. squamatus, P. canus, Dinopium rafflesii, D. javanense, Chrysocolaptes lucidus, Gecinulus viridis, Blythipicus rubiginosus, B. pyrrhotis, Reinwardtipicus (Chrysocolaptes) validus, Meiglyptes tukki, M. tristis, Hemicircus concretus, H. canente, and Mulleripicus pulverulentus. Aspects of their biology treated include foraging modes, foraging sites, displays, vocalizations and instrumental signals, breeding behavior, and habitat preference. More than 100 vocalizations and instrumental signals are described, mostly based on analysis of tape recordings. For the first time the nesting of Dinopium rafflesii is reported. Interspecific behavior is documented for various species, including competitive interactions between Picoides canicapillus and P. macei, between Picus miniaceus and P. puniceus, and between Dryocopus javensis and Mulleripicus pulverulentus. Behavioral comparisons are made on a worldwide basis, but taxonomic implications of behavior are discussed elsewhere. A brief discussion section focuses on ecological aspects of the species studied, in particular those of variations in size, with respect to sympatry, allopatry, and ant-foraging habits"--P. 257.
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Includes bibliographical references (p. 363-364).