Taxonomy and distribution of the black fly subgenus Simulium (Pternaspatha) Enderlein (Simuliidae, Diptera, Insecta). Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 147, article 4

Abstract

"Simulium (Pternaspatha) extends from Tierra del Fuego north to an area somewhere between central Peru and northern Ecuador; the northern limit of the subgenus probably coincides with that of the puna formation of the high Andes. The subgenus is now divided into the nigristrigatum and nemorale species groups; some formerly proposed groups are suppressed. New locality records are given for several species, and Simulium (Pternaspatha) pulchrum and prodexargenteum are redescribed. Simulium punctativentris is synonymized with S. simile. New species are horcochuspi (Argentina) (nigristrigatum group) and bordai (Bolivia), hectorvargasi (Chile), quechuanum (Chile and Argentina) and stelliferum (Chile) (nemorale group)"--P. 201.