Browsing by Author "Winston, Judith E."
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Item An annotated checklist of coral-associated bryozoans. American Museum novitates ; no. 2859(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1986) Winston, Judith E."Bryozoans are known to be an important component of cryptic reef communities worldwide, with many species apparently circumtropical in distribution. Taxonomic work on reef bryozoans still lags behind work on their ecology. This checklist, which includes an illustration or a reference to an illustration for each species, is an attempt to assist both taxonomists and ecologists in identifying reef-associated species. To date, 284 species of bryozoans have been reported from coral substrata and/or reef environments in the following areas: Caribbean, Red Sea, East Africa, Indonesia, Great Barrier Reef, Eniwetak, Hawaii, Eastern Pacific. The majority of them (69%) are ascophoran cheilostomes. Anascan cheilostomes are also abundant (25%), while tubuliporates and ctenostomes have been recorded much less frequently. Parasmittina, Celleporaria, and Rhynchozoon are the most successful cheilostome genera in terms of number of species recorded from reefs. Most genera and many species are recorded from at least two tropical areas"--P. [1].Item Bryozoans from Bali, Lombok, and Komodo. American Museum novitates ; no. 2847(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1986) Winston, Judith E.; Heimberg, Beverly F."Collections from three very shallow-water (3 m or less) Indonesian reef localities yielded 33 species of cheilostome bryozoans. Five species: Thalamoporella komodoensis, Crepidacantha carsioseta, Fenestrulina harmeri, Celleporaria sibogae, and Drepanophora verrucosa are described as new. Five species: Exechonella brasiliensis, Watersipora edmondsoni, Parasmittina hastingsae, Rhynchozoon rostratum, and Rhynchozoon verruculatum are reported for the first time from the Indonesian region. Many of the species found have wide distributions: 79 percent are recorded from elsewhere in the Indo-West Pacific, 30 percent from the Red Sea, and 28 percent from the Caribbean. This work provides further documentation of the diversity and broad ecological tolerances of reef-associated cheilostome bryozoans"--P. 2.Item The interstitial bryozoan fauna from Capron Shoal, Florida / Judith E. Winston and Eckart Hakansson. American Museum novitates ; no. 2865(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1986) Winston, Judith E.; Hakansson, Eckart."A unique fauna of interstitial bryozoans has been found encrusting sand substrata on a high-energy shoal off the Atlantic coast of Florida. This fauna includes juveniles of two species of free-living cupuladriids, as well as nine new species (one new genus) apparently adapted to interstitial conditions and characterized by small size, simplified colony structure, and very early reporduction. Other species known from larger substrata were also found encrusting interstitial sand and shell grains at Capron Shoal. The 'interstitial refuge' may be importnat in explaining the broad species distributions of encrusting bryozoans along mostly sandy continental shelves"--P. [1].Item Libbie Henrietta Hyman : life and contributions. American Museum novitates ; no. 3277(New York, NY : American Museum of Natural History, 1999) Winston, Judith E.; Landman, Neil H.; Maienschein, Jane.; Wake, Marvalee H.; Ogren, Robert E.; Morse, M. Patricia.; Tyler, Seth.; American Society of Zoologists. Meeting (1991 : Atlanta, Ga.)"This issue of Novitates consists of papers presented at a symposium on the life and work of American zoologist Dr. Libbie Henrietta Hyman, 1888-1969, held at the annual meeting of the American Society of Zoologists in Atlanta, Georgia, December 1991. Judith E. Winston provides an introduction to Libbie Hyman's early years. Growing up in Fort Dodge, Iowa, young Libbie demonstrated a love of nature and a drive for learning that eventually led to a scholarship at the University of Chicago, where she majored in zoology. Jane Maienschein covers Libbie Hyman's Chicago period. During that period Libbie gained experience in experimental biology by participation in Charles Manning Child's research program on metabolic gradients, which applied the "Chicago style" of biology. The lack of good manuals for the comparative anatomy and zoology labs she taught as a graduate student led Libbie to develop her own laboratory manuals, published by the University of Chicago Press. Marvalee Wake discusses Libbie Hyman's interactions with the press about these guides. Hyman's correspondence with press officials revealed her growing frustration as she desired more time to work on invertebrates, but was persuaded to revise vertebrate anatomy texts instead. Despite her protests, her seminal ideas and approaches to learning vetebrate anatomy were profoundly important. Judith Winston discusses Libbie's productive career at the American Museum of Natural History. In 1930, Dr. Hyman left Chicago to pursue the invertebrate work that interested her most-and found a welcome in G. K. Noble's Department of Experimental Biology at the AMNH. With his help she obtained an unpaid position as a research associate, office space, and use of the AMNH library, vital to her project, a treatise on invertebrate zoology. Her 6 volume treatise, The Invertebrates, was published between 1940 and 1967 by McGraw-Hill. In 1943 she transferred to the AMNH Department of Invertebrates. Neil Landman outlines the history of that Department in the Museum, and Libbie's connection with it. M. Patricia Morse discusses Dr. Hyman's influence on invertebrate zoology in general. Her treatise set the tone for invertebrate zoology courses and the publication of books on the subject. Each volume was eagerly received by zoologists, not only for thorough coverage of the literature (including non-English language literature), but also for uniformity of approach, comprehensive illustrations, and thoughtful synthesis of phylogenetic relationships for each group covered. Robert Ogren discusses Libbie Hyman's contributions to land planarian taxonomy. Hyman was the first American zoologist recognized as an authority on Turbellaria, Tricladida, and Terricola. Contributions began after her 1937 appointment as research associate at the American Museum of Natural History and continued for 25 years, resulting in 11 taxonomic papers, the last published in 1962. Seth Tyler discusses Libbie Hyman's overall influence on the systematics of turbellarian flatworms, especially through the comprehensive review of flatworms published in Volume II of The Invertebrates. The system of classification she adopted for the phylum Platyhelminthes was that of Bresslau, dating to 1933. Modern systematists have clarified the phylogenetic relationships of flatworm groups, in particular by using characters discerned with electron microscopy; and application of principles of cladistic systematics has been important in grouping turbellarians and the major groups of parasitic flatworms into supraordinal taxa. A number of competing systems for these higher-level groupings have been proposed, and these are being tested with molecular techniques comparing nucleic-acid sequences. Still, the current best-accepted system clearly bears Hyman's stamp; her views of evolution in the phylum and its taxonomy are still relevant"--P. 2.Item Marine bryozoans (Ectoprocta) of the Indian River area (Florida). Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 173, article 2([New York] : American Museum of Natural History, 1982) Winston, Judith E."The distribution and ecology of marine bryozoans of the Indian River area on the east coast of Florida was studied through collections made at 21 stations over the course of a year. Bryozoans were identified from collections of all substrata (e.g., shells, hydroids, algae, rock, seagrasses) on which colonies might be able to grow. Eighty-four species of bryozoans have been obtained thus far from the waters of the Indian River region. All collections indicated that the availability of a suitable substratum is the chief factor governing distribution of bryozoan species. In the river the main substrata are the relatively short-lived blades of seagrasses on which small, rapidly growing bryozoan species are found. Eighteen species were found in the Indian River; 12 of them in waters of salinities less than 30% (estuarine conditions). Coastal stations, with more varied substrata available for settlement and with a wider range of microenvironmental conditions, were richer in species. Twenty-three species were found at Sebastian Inlet inner breakwater, 31 at North Beach breakwater, Fort Pierce, 36 at Walton Rocks, and 31 at Seminole Shores. Offshore areas were also sampled. Twenty-one species were found at Capron Shoals. Twenty-eight species were identified in samples from two R/V Gosnold cruises. In the Indian River area some bryozoan reproduction occurred year-round, but many species reproduced primarily from late fall to early spring, in contrast to the late summer-early fall peak reproduction of bryozoan populations in temperate seas. Biogeographically, the species collected offshore had generally tropical affinities, whereas those collected at coastal and river stations included a number of tropical species, but also many species with broader Western Atlantic or cosmopolitam distributions"--P. 102.Item Shallow-water bryozoans of Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. American Museum novitates ; no. 2799(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1984) Winston, Judith E."Four species of tubuliporate, two species of ctenostome, and 30 species of cheilostome bryozoans were identified from shallow-water habitats (20 m or less) in the vicinity of Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. This report, the first on bryozoan fauna of Belize, includes one new genus, four new species of cheilostomes and three new records of bryozoans for the Caribbean"--P. [1].Item Why bryozoans have avicularia : a review of the evidence. American Museum novitates ; no. 2789(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1984) Winston, Judith E."This review summarizes the evidence for alternative functions of avicularia and vibracula. In the present paper I review the history of speculation on the adaptive function of avicularia and evaluate the evidence for the various functions suggested for them: defense, food-gathering, creation of water currents, respiration, cleaning, and nutrient storage. Then I suggest some alternative views and ways in which they might be tested. Early workers believed that their function might be defense of the colony, and since Darwin's time this function has become tied in with a selectionist argument in which increasing polymorphism of colonies, specialization of zooids for feeding, reproduction, and defense leads to increasing success. In only a few cases has the function of avicularia and vibracula been empirically established. The pedunculate Bugula type of avicularia has the ability to capture possible enemies. The vibracula of some lunulitiform colonies are used in locomotion and cleaning. No defensive or other function has been demonstrated for other avicularia and in fact, observations on their morphology, behavior, and position in the colony are incompatible with the hypothesis that they act in defense of the colony"--P. [1].