Browsing by Author "Smith, Corey Shepard."
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Item Developmental biology among corbiculate bees : Bombus impatiens, Including observations on its egg eclosion. (American Museum novitates, no. 3912)(American Museum of Natural History., 2018-12-04) Rozen, Jerome G., Jr. (Jerome George), 1928-; Smith, Corey Shepard.; Kocher, Sarah.; Wyman, Eli S.This contribution results from an investigation of four commercially obtained colonies of Bombus (Pyrobombus) impatiens Cresson in an attempt to understand the functional anatomy and behavior of its immature stages. Eggs are described in detail, and their chorionic microstructure is contrasted with that of Bombus (Cullumanobombus) griseocollis (De Geer). They are deposited in groups consisting of a few to more than nine eggs into a single chamber. The study confirms that larvae pass through four instars. Although increasing in size dramatically from one instar to the next, larval anatomy and behavior change little during the first three instars. The last instar is the one that commences defecation and production of silk resulting in cocoon construction. In contrast to most bees, its larval activities result in substantial changes in size and shape of its brood chamber, whereas brood chambers of most bees are constructed by the female and modified little by the offspring. This study is a part of a series of investigations into the similarities and differences in the developmental biologies among corbiculate bees.Item Early nesting biology of the bee Caupolicana yarrowi (Cresson) (Colletidae, Diphaglossinae) and its cleptoparasite Triepeolus grandis (Friese) (Apidae, Nomadinae). (American Museum novitates, no. 3931)(American Museum of Natural History., 2019-06-28) Rozen, Jerome G., Jr. (Jerome George), 1928-; Danforth, Bryan N.; Smith, Corey Shepard.; Decker, Brenna L.; Dorian, Nicholas N.; Dority, Delina.; Kilpatrick, Shelby Kerrin.; Krichilsky, Erin.; Laws, Angela N.; Urban-Mead, Katherine R.; Cane, James H. (James Harley), 1955-The first part of this publication, written by a group of participants in Bee Course 2018, results from the discovery of three nests of Caupolicana yarrowi (Cresson, 1875) at the base of the Chiricahua Mountains in southeastern Arizona. The nests are deep with branching laterals that usually connect to large vertical brood cells by an upward turn before curving downward and attaching to the top of the chambers. This loop of the lateral thus seems to serve as a "sink trap," excluding rainwater from reaching open cells during provisioning. Although mature larvae had not yet developed, an egg of C. yarrowi was discovered floating on the provisions allowing an SEM examination of its chorion, the first such study for any egg of the Diphaglossinae. Larval food for this species at this site came from Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. (Solanaceae). Nests were parasitized by Triepeolus grandis (Friese, 1917) (Epeolini), which previously was known to attack only Ptiloglossa (Diphaglossinae: Caupolicanini). The subterranean nest cells of the desert bee Caupolicana yarrowi (Colletidae), which are enveloped by a casing of hardened soil that easily separates from the surrounding matrix, are discussed in a separate appendix. Chemical analysis revealed the casing to be rich in reducing sugars, indicating that the mother bee had regurgitated floral nectar onto the rough interior walls of the cell cavity before smoothing and waterproofing them. This novel use of nectar in nest construction is compared with that of other bee species that bring water to a nest site to soften soil for excavation.Item Egg and mature larva of a species of Plebeia with a preliminary overview of the mature larvae of the Meliponini relative to those of other corbiculate taxa (Apoidea, Apidae). (American Museum novitates, no. 3940)(American Museum of Natural History., 2019-09-27) Rozen, Jerome G., Jr. (Jerome George), 1928-; Smith, Corey Shepard.; Roubik, David W. (David Ward), 1951-The egg and mature larva of a presently unnamed species of the bee genus Plebeia are anatomically described, illustrated, and compared with those of other known Meliponini, based on abundant specimens collected from two nests recovered from a tree at the Yasuní Scientific Station, Orellana Province, Ecuador. A key to the four tribes (Apini, Bombini, Euglossini, and Meliponini) of known mature corbiculate larvae is then presented. It, in turn, is followed by a preliminary larval description of the Meliponini based on those taxa the mature larvae of which are known so far. The main feature distinguishing the mature larva of the Meliponini is in its having a tapering slender elongate mandibular apex, which contrasts with the much shorter, robust mandibular apex of the other three tribes. Furthermore, unlike in the other tribes, late stage larval Meliponini possess paired dorsolateral tubercles on most abdominal segments.Item Immature stages of selected meliponine bees (Apoidea, Apidae). (American Museum novitates, no. 3924)(American Museum of Natural History., 2019-04-08) Rozen, Jerome G., Jr. (Jerome George), 1928-; Quezada Euán, José Javier G.; Roubik, David W. (David Ward), 1951-; Smith, Corey Shepard.This paper describes the eggs and last larval instars of certain species of bees belonging to the tribe Meliponini, one of the four related tribes that comprise the corbiculate bees in the subfamily Apinae. The four taxa analyzed include some whose immature stages have previously been described. Our purpose is to identify what is known about the anatomy of immature stages and suggest what needs to be studied to better understand the developmental anatomy of eggs and mature larvae in this group of highly eusocial bees.Item Larval anatomy of the bee Tetragonula sapiens (Cockerell) (Meliponini) ; Further on the larva of Melipona fallax Camargo and Pedro, with a preliminary characterization of mature larval Meliponini ; and Analysis of multipronged spicules (Apoidea, Apidae). (American Museum novitates, no. 3939)(American Museum of Natural History., 2019-09-27) Rozen, Jerome G., Jr. (Jerome George), 1928-; Smith, Corey Shepard.; Archbold Expedition to New Guinea (7th : 1964)The small (length less than 6 mm) postdefecating larva of Tetragonula (Tetragonula) sapiens (Cockerell) from the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea is described and illustrated, the first representation of the immature stage for any member of this genus of stingless bees. A reexamination of the recently described larva of Melipona fallax Camargo and Pedro using a new technique reveals valuable insights regarding its integumental microstructures. On the basis of these findings and previously published accounts of larval representatives of five other genera (Melipona, Nogueirapis, Partamona, Plebeia, and Trigonisca), a preliminary description of the mature larva of the tribe Meliponini is presented. Multipronged spicules, recently discovered in meliponines, are investigated.Item Nest architecture, immature stages, and ethnoentomology of a new species of Trigonisca from northern Colombia (Hymenoptera, Apidae). (American Museum novitates, no. 3942)(American Museum of Natural History., 2019-10-18) Engel, Michael S.; Rozen, Jerome G., Jr. (Jerome George), 1928-; Sepúlveda-Cano, Paula A.; Smith, Corey Shepard.; Thomas, Jennifer C.; Ospina Torres, Rodulfo.; González, Víctor H.Stingless bees (Apinae: Corbiculata: Meliponini) are biologically and culturally important pollinators within the tropical and subtropical areas of the world. However, limited information is available for the majority of the species. Biological and systematic data are presented for a new species of Trigonisca Moure, from the arid region of La Guajira, Colombia. The genus is part of the distinctive Trigonisca genus group, noteworthy for its position as the earliest diverging extant lineage of neotropical stingless bees. We briefly diagnose the genus group and provide a key to the genera and subgenera of the Trigonisca genus group, along with the description of Exochotrigona Engel, new subgenus. We also outline the species occurring in Colombia and present a description for Trigonisca (Trigonisca) mepecheu Engel and Gonzalez, new species, including accounts of all three castes. A single, poorly preserved egg is noteworthy because of its extremely small size. Its chorion is extensively covered by a surface pattern of elevated geometric figures, as seems to be characteristic of the Meliponini. The robust mature larva, though remarkably small, exhibits extensive spiculation of dorsal body surfaces and most body segments with small, paired dorsolateral tubercles. In addition, the labral apex exhibits an apical patch of recently discovered multipronged spicules intermixed with various sensory sensilla. These morphological features of immature stages, where known, are similar to those previously reported for other Meliponini. We document the internal architecture of nests of T. mepecheu, which we found in trunks of Stenocereus griseus (Haw.) Buxb. (Cactaceae) and more commonly in Libidibia coriaria (Jacq.) Schltdl. (Fabaceae), along with nests of the only other stingless bee from La Guajira, Melipona favosa (Fabricius). Nests were also found in the sides of manufactured structures. The indigenous Wayúu harvest stingless-bee honey and have specific names in Wayuunaiki for the two species occurring in the region, although there is apparently an oral tradition in which the honey of T. mepecheu causes blindness. Trigonisca (Trigonisca) ameliae Penney from Colombian copal is a new junior synonym of T. (T.) schulthessi (Friese).Item Preliminary study of the bumble bee Bombus griseocollis, its eggs, their eclosion, and its larval instars and pupae (Apoidea, Apidae, Bombini). (American Museum novitates, no. 3898)(American Museum of Natural History., 2018-04-04) Rozen, Jerome G., Jr. (Jerome George), 1928-; Smith, Corey Shepard.; Johnson, Dennis E. (Dennis Earl), 1942-This paper describes and illustrates the egg, fifth, first, and fourth larval instars, as well as the female pupa of Bombus (Cullumanobombus) griseocollis (DeGeer), all collected from a single nest in June 2017 in Wisconsin. In so doing, attempts are made to understand the biological significance of the anatomical and behavioral features of these various life stages.Item Unique metasomal musculature in sweat bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Halictidae) revealed by micro-CT scanning. (American Museum novitates, no. 3920)(American Museum of Natural History., 2019-02-12) Herhold, Hollister W.; Davis, Steven R., 1983-; Smith, Corey Shepard.; Engel, Michael S.; Grimaldi, David A.Bees of the family Halictidae (Apoidea: Anthophila) have three pairs of thick, bundled muscles that are circular to subcircular in cross section within the first metasomal segment, as revealed by micro-CT scanning of 16 species in 15 genera of five bee families. In nonhalictids and the basal halictid subfamily Rophitinae, these muscles are planar (flat and sheetlike), typically lying between the anterior air sacs and abdominal wall. In Nomiinae and Halictinae, these muscles, especially the dorsal-ventral pair, bulge into air-sac space, partly enveloped by air-sac membrane. A possible function may be to facilitate metasomal compression and contraction, and thus air flow. The bundled shape of these derived halictid muscles is similar to that of flight muscles, but further data is needed to determine if they are fibrillar, which would suggest a completely different function.