Browsing by Author "Sites, Jack W."
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Item A new genus of microteiid lizard from the Atlantic forests of State of Bahia, Brazil, with a new generic name for Colobosaura mentalis, and a discussion of relationships among the Heterodactylini (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) ; American Museum novitates, no. 3565(New York, NY : American Museum of Natural History, 2007) Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut Urbano.; Pellegrino, Katia Cristina Machado.; Dixo, Marianna Botelho de Oliveira.; Verdade, Vanessa Kruth.; Pavan, Dante.; Suzart Argolo, Ant�onio Jorge.; Sites, Jack W.A new genus and species of microteiid lizard is described from a series of specimens obtained in the leaf litter at Una (15°10′S, 39°03′W) in the Atlantic forest of southern Bahia, Brazil. It is characterized by the presence of prefrontals, frontoparietals, parietals, and interparietal; parietals longer than wide; distinct ear openings and eyelids; two pairs of genials, absence of collar and occipital scales; dorsal scales anteriorly smooth and becoming gradually lanceolate and mucronate posterior to the forelimb; and four regular transverse series of smooth ventrals that are longer than wide, identical in size. A phylogenetic analysis based on external morphology, osteology, and molecular data confirms this new lizard as a member of the Heterodactylini radiation of Gymnophthalminae. The topology recovered by maximum parsimony (MP) analyses reveals that its closest relatives are the sister taxa Colobosaura modesta and Iphisa elegans (BS = < 50%; Bremer value = 2) and the partitioned Bremer indexes indicated that the largest contribution to this relationship comes from morphology; Colobosaura mentalis, for which a new generic name is here proposed, is basal to this radiation. Our analyses confirm a previous hypothesis suggesting Stenolepis as a member of the Heterodactylini radiation and that the clade composed of Colobodactylus and Heterodactylus is the sister group of the clade formed by Colobosaura mentalis-Stenolepis (BS = 100; Bremer value = 18), Colobosaura modesta-Iphisa (BS = < 50%; Bremer value = 1), and the new genus here described. The support for Heterodactylini monophyly, on the basis of combined MP analyses is higher (BS = 96, Bremer value = 11) than that previously found in molecular-based studies only. Partitioned Bayesian methodology combining molecular and morphological data sets recovered the new genus as the sister taxon (PP = 0.94) of the clade (PP = 0.94) formed by I. elegans-C. modesta (PP = 0.51) and C. mentalis-S. ridleyℝ (PP = 1.0). An alternative topology demonstrating a paraphyletic Heterodactylini is only weakly supported (PP = 0.63). Based on the MP topology we discuss tentative scenarios for the evolution of Heterodactylini.Item A review of phylogenetic hypotheses for lizards of the genus Sceloporus (Phrynosomatidae) : implications for ecological and evolutionary studies. Bulletin of the AMNH ; no. 213([New York] : American Museum of Natural History, 1992) Sites, Jack W.; Archie, James W.; Cole, Charles J.; Flores-Villela, Oscar."Species of Sceloporus have figured prominently in studies of population, community, and physiological ecology, social behavior, disease transmission, and biogeography, probably in large part because of the broad distribution of the genus in a variety of habitats, its species diversity, and the diurnal and conspicuous habits of most species, which are often locally abundant. Despite these advantages and the prevalence of Sceloporus in many research programs in organismal biology, many outstanding systematic and evolutionary problems remain, and the Sceloporus radiation has not been rigorously studied from a contemporary phylogenetic perspective. We have undertaken this review with two major objectives: (1) to summarize all information relevant to existing phylogenetic hypotheses for the genus, and make it available in a single document; and (2) to point out some of the ecological and evolutionary questions for which Sceloporus is superbly suited for detailed study, within the context of well-corroborated phylogenetic frameworks. With respect to the first objective, we have summarized the major phylogenetic conclusions of Smith, Larsen and Tanner, Cole, and those based on the largely unpublished cytogenetic data sets of W.P. Hall and C.J. Cole. Alternative hypotheses are compared and summarized with regard to major points of congruence and conflict, and we argue that thorough contemporary systematic studies are urgently needed for the entire Sceloporus radiation. With respect to the second objective, the Sceloporus radiation unequivocally shows three or more independent origins of viviparity, possibly five independently derived heteromorphic sex-chromosome systems, and perhaps six examples of independent secondary loss of sexual dimorphism in color pattern, regardless of which of the existing phylogenetic hypotheses most closely reflects the real evolutionary history. Different radiations within the genus also continue to offer challenging problems in historical biogeography, speciation, macroevolution, hybrid zone dynamics, taxonomy at the species level, population biology, physiological ecology, and comparative ethology. The genus also offers additional potential in relatively unexplored areas such as mate choice/sexual selection, the roles of regional gene duplication in genome evolution; and co-speciation/co-adaptation of host-parasite systems. This potential, particularly great because of the species diversity of the genus, is discussed within the context of comparative biology and phylogenetic inference"--P. 4.