Browsing by Author "Santos, Bernardo F."
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Item Generic redefinition and a new species of Nesolinoceras Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae). (American Museum novitates, no. 3858)(American Museum of Natural History., 2016-05-11) Santos, Bernardo F.The generic limits of Nesolinoceras Ashmead are redefined. The genus is characterized by the supraclypeal and supraantennal areas covered by distinct, uniformly spaced striae; antenna without white band; foretibia distinctly swollen, fusiform; forewing with extensive fuscous bands; areolet large, pentagonal, longer than wide, distinctly convergent; spiracle of first metasomal tergite placed at midlength; and ventral valve of ovipositor apically dilated and overlapping dorsal valve as a lobe. The type species, N. ornatipennis (Cresson) is redescribed, illustrated, and newly recorded from the Bahamas and the Cayman Islands. A new species, N. laluzbrillante, sp. nov., is described from the Dominican Republic. It is diagnosed mainly by having mesopleuron, propodeum, and metasoma extensively marked with blackish and whitish stripes and spots; clypeus in front view with base almost as wide as apex; central ocellus about as large as lateral ones; epicnemial carina short, reaching only 0.4 of length to subalar ridge; and areolet crossveins 2r-m and 3r-m distinctly convergent, but far from meeting on anterior apex of areolet. Previously thought to be restricted to Cuba, Nesolinoceras seems to be relatively widespread in the Caribbean Islands.Item Revision of Melanocryptus Cameron (Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae), with description of seven new species. (American Museum novitates, no. 3836)(American Museum of Natural History., 2015-05-29) Aguiar, Alexandre P. (Alexandre Pires), 1967-; Santos, Bernardo F.The Neotropical genus Melanocryptus Cameron is revised, with a new defense for the genus based on an entirely new redescription. The genus is characterized mainly by the following characters: apical half of female flagellum with a ventral stripe formed by dense, short pilosity; clypeus with a central pointy tooth; areolet large, pentagonal, about as long as wide, sides converging anteriorly; and ovipositor blade shaped, about 2.0-3.0x higher than wide. Eleven valid species are recognized: M. cyaneus (Schmiedeknecht), M. niger (Szépligeti), M. violaceipennis Cameron, M. whartoni Kasparyan et Ruíz, and seven new taxa, M. aurantius, sp. nov., M. delos Aguiar, sp. nov., M. dnopheros, sp. nov., M. hadroglyptus Aguiar, sp. nov., M. rufigladius, sp. nov., M. tesselatus Aguiar, sp. nov., and M. tupan, sp. nov. The complex morphological variation of male specimens, particularly for M. hadroglyptus, was cladistically investigated in order to objectively delimit and demonstrate the range of morphological variation of the involved species. The first host record is reported for the genus, an unidentified pyralid moth (Lepidoptera), attacked by M. whartoni. The males of M. cyaneus and M. niger are reported for the first time. Photographic illustrations and distribution maps are provided for all valid species, with several new distribution records for previously known taxa. Keys for the species are presented separately for females and males.Item Total-evidence phylogeny of the New World Polistes Lepeletier, 1836, paper wasps (Vespidae, Polistinae, Polistini) (American Museum novitates, no. 3973)(American Museum of Natural History., 2021-07-22) Somavilla, Alexandre; Santos, Bernardo F.; Andena, Sérgio Ricardo; Oliveira, Márcio Luiz; Carpenter, James M. (James Michael), 1956-The genus Polistes is one of the most species-rich and widely distributed groups of social wasps and a model taxon for studies of social behavior. Almost half the Polistes world fauna occurs in the New World, but their classification has been unstable due in part to the scarcity of phylogenetic studies. We investigated the phylogeny of the New World Polistes by combining a previously existing molecular dataset with a new morphological and behavioral matrix for 90 of the 93 New World species. All analyses support a single origin for the New World Polistes. All five traditionally defined New World subgenera (Aphanilopterus, Epicnemius, Fuscopolistes, Onerarius, and Palisotius) were monophyletic, but the relationships among them varied across datasets. Our results, with an expanded phenotypic dataset, improved taxonomic sampling, and enhanced clade support relative to previous studies, strongly support a classification based on five subgenera, which are all diagnosable groups supported by clear morphological synapomorphies. Hence, we propose the revalidation of previously proposed subgenera; we provide a taxonomic account of each subgenus and an identification key to all species of New World Polistes.