Browsing by Author "Rosen, Donn Eric, 1929-"
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Item Open Access Changing preference for substrate color by reproductively active mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis (Baird and Girard) (Poeciliidae, Atheriniformes). American Museum novitates ; no. 2397(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1969) Maglio, Vincent J.; Rosen, Donn Eric, 1929-Item Open Access Comments on the relationships of the North American cave fishes of the family Amblyopsidae. American Museum novitates ; no. 2109(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1962) Rosen, Donn Eric, 1929-"During the past half century, the order Cyprinodontiformes (= Microcyprini, Cyprinodontes, Cyprinodontida) was divided into two major groups, the Cyprinodontoidei (typical killifishes) and the Amblyopsoidei (North American cave fishes). Evidence is now presented indicating that these two groups of fishes have been improperly associated taxonomically. On the basis of numerous osteological, myological, and functional features, the amblyopsids are shown to resemble Aphredoderus in considerable detail. Features that appear to unite the amblyopsids and Aphredoderus are found also in Percopsis. Many, though by no means all, of the characters common to amblyopsids and percopsiforms are identified in three gadids, a brotulid, and an ophidiid. The provisional assignment of the Amblyopsidae to a separate order, the Amblyopsiformes, adjoining the Percopsiformes in current classification, is proposed. It is noted parenthetically that the resemblances between these two orders and the Gadiformes and Ophidioidei suggest the existence of a phyletic assemblage in which each group represents a different level of structural organization. Attention is called to the fact that the Amblyopsiformes, Percopsiformes, Gadiformes, and Ophidioidei include forms characteristically inhabiting dim or lightless environments"--P. 33.Item Open Access An essay on euteleostean classification. American Museum novitates ; no. 2827(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1985) Rosen, Donn Eric, 1929-"The anatomy of the occipital region and rostral cartilage in euteleostean fishes is reviewed in some detail. These data, in combination with other anatomical features taken from the literature, have led to a reassessment of interrelationships within the Euteleostei. This review supports the notions that the Salmoniformes, Aulopiformes, Myctophiformes, and Beryciformes are nonmonophyletic and raises questions about the monophyly of the fishes formerly grouped in the Osmeroidei. Evidence is presented on how the occipital region might be used in acanthomorph systematics, and includes reasons for rejecting the concept of the Paracanthopterygii, as this group was formerly constituted"--P. [1].Item Open Access Evidence of a second species of Synbranchus (Pisces, Teleostei) in South America. American Museum novitates ; no. 2497(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1972) Rosen, Donn Eric, 1929-; Rumney, Avis."A new species of Synbranchus from the Amazon Basin is described and compared with sympatric and allopatric populations of Synbranchus marmoratus and with the caverniculous synbranchid, Furmastix infernalis, from Yucatán. The new species and marmoratus are found to differ in metameric, morphometric, pigmentary, and osteological features. Variation in marmoratus from throughout its range is analyzed and discussed in relation to local and global temperatures and latitude"--P. [1].Item Open Access Fishes from the uplands and intermontane basins of Guatemala : revisionary studies and comparative geography. Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 162, article 5(New York : American Museum of Natural History, 1979) Rosen, Donn Eric, 1929-"Continuing studies of the fish fauna of the karst regions of Guatemala along the northern foothills of the sierras have revealed the presence of about two dozen species in thirteen genera and nine families in isolated basins with subterranean outlets. Eleven to thirteen of these species, mostly fishes of the family Poeciliidae, are endemic to the isolated basins; five have been described previously. Among poeciliid fishes, members of the genera Heterandria and Xiphophorus are best represented in the karst regions. Because of similarities in their geography the two genera are reviewed together: nine species of Heterandria are recognized, of which six are new (H. attenuata, H. litoperas, H. obliqua, H. anzuetoi, H. cataractae, H. dirempta); 15 species of Xiphophorus are recognized, of which none is new, although numerous taxa previously recognized as subspecies are treated here as species. Taxonomic decisions concerning recognized species of Xiphophorus are based on a reconsideration of various current species concepts from which it is concluded that the 'biological species' should be rejected as a conceptual tool and the 'subspecies' as a methodological one. Earlier taxonomic accounts of Heterandria and Xiphophorus by the author are found to be unacceptable because they were not rigorously and explicitly based on a search for shared derived characters (synapomorphies). Many of the subgroups recognized in those prior accounts are grade groups based merely on the failure of the included taxa to possess the derived defining characters of other subgroups, therefore suggesting, that they were, in fact defined unacceptably by shared primitive characters (symplesiomorphies). As newly revised on the basis of proposed synapomorphy schemes, and the derivative cladograms of relationship, various members of Heterandria and Xiphophorus are shown to possess a number of cladistic similarities in relation to geography: 1. Mexican and Central American species together form a natural group separated from their sister group to the north by a gap, the southern boundary of which is somewhat to the north of Tampico, Mexico. 2. In Middle America the sister group of a group including many southern Mexican and Central American species is in the region around Tampico. 3. A relatively plesiomorphic species occupies two separate isolated karst basins along the western foothills of the sierras in Guatemala. 4. Less plesiomorphic forms occupy the two southernmost Guatemalan rivers that drain into the Gulf of Honduras as well as Atlantic coastal drainages of Honduras. 5. The most apomorphous sister pair of species includes a widespread species that extends along coastal regions of southern Mexico and parts of the Yucatan Peninsula and a species that is confined to an easterly karst basin. 6. Putative hybrids are present between the distributions of the westerly karst species and the widespread form. A discussion of cladistic theory in relation to hybridization suggests how the cladistic interrelationships of putative parents can resolve whether or not intergradation between species in nature is to be considered secondary (i.e., due to the effects of hybridization). The geographic similarities between Heterandria and Xiphophorus are compared by converting their cladograms of taxa into cladograms of areas. In terms of probability theory, it is concluded that the congruence of their area cladograms at a very high confidence level indicates that the two genera shared, in part, a common history in Middle America"--P. 271.Item Open Access A fourth Neotropical species of synbranchid eel and the phylogeny and systematics of synbranchiform fishes. Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 157, article 1(New York : American Museum of Natural History, 1976) Rosen, Donn Eric, 1929-; Greenwood, Peter Humphry."The discovery of an undescribed species of synbranchiform eel, with populations in the Atlantic slope of Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Cuba, and northeastern South America, presented problems in its taxonomic assignment that required a review of the genera and higher groups within the order. Analyses of superficial anatomy, skull, and vertebral column, but particularly of the detailed structure of the hyoid, gill arch, and branchial vascular systems indicated that some of the groups of synbranchiform species are paraphyletic and others polyphyletic, and that the Alabetidae, long associated with the swamp eels, should be excluded from the assemblage. A phylogenetic hypothesis is put forward that divides all synbranchiforms (treated here as the single family Synbranchidae) into two lineages: the Macrotreminae (containing only Macrotrema caligans) and the Synbranchinae (including three genera: Ophisternon (containing the species bengalense, gutturale, candidum, afrum, infernale, and the new neotropical form aenigmaticum), Synbranchus (containing marmoratus and madeirae), Monopterus (containing albus, boueti, cuchia, fossorius, and two forms originally described under the name indicus)). The generic names Furmastix and Anomatophasma are placed in the synonymy of Ophisternon, and Typhlosynbranchus and Amphipnous are placed in the synonymy of Monopterus. The nomenclatural histories of the genera and some species are discussed and an analytical key to the subfamilies, genera, and species is provided"--P. 5.Item Open Access Genetics of species differences in the morphology of the male genitalia of xiphophorin fishes. Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 95, article 7(New York : [American Museum of Natural History], 1951) Gordon, Myron, 1899-1959.; Rosen, Donn Eric, 1929-Item Open Access Lungfishes, tetrapods, paleontology, and plesiomorphy. Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 167, article 4(New York : American Museum of Natural History, 1981) Rosen, Donn Eric, 1929-; Forey, Peter L.; Gardiner, Brian G.; Patterson, Colin."We conclude that the internal (excurrent) nostril of Recent lungfishes is a true choana, as judged by its comparison with (1) the internal nostril of a Devonian lungfish species which opens through the bony palate internal to an arcade of maxillary and premaxillary teeth; (2) the choana of the Devonian ichthyostegid amphibians, and (3) nostril development in Recent urodeles. The idea that lungfishes might therefore be the sister group of tetrapods is compared with the competing, deeply entrenched theory that rhipidistian fishes and eusthenopterids in particular include the ancestor of tetrapods. Our own theory, derived from study of Recent and fossil material, and an analysis of literature spanning 140 years, is framed in the context of a classification of the main groups of fossil and living gnathostomes: acanthodians, chondrichthyans, cladistians, actinopterygians, rhipidistians, actinistians, dipnoans, and tetrapods. In formulating our proposal we have reviewed the anatomy of the nasal capsule, nostrils and related structures, paired fins and their girdles, dermal bones of the skull, palate and jaw suspension, hyoid and gill arches, ribs and vertebrae, and scale and tooth structure. We hypothesize, in agreement with most nineteenth- and many twentieth-century biologists, and in disagreement with the current paleontological view, that lungfishes are the sister group of tetrapods, and further that actinistians are the sister group of those two, and that Eusthenopteron is the sister group of those three. We also conclude that the characters used formerly to link Eusthenopteron with tetrapods either (1) are primitive for all bony fishes (including cladistians and actinopterygians) or for living gnathostomes (including chondrichthyans); (2) are convergent with those of several groups of gnathostomes; (3) only justify the inclusion of Eusthenopteron in a group with actinistians, dipnoans and tetrapods; or (4) are spurious. We attribute the century of confusion about the structure and position of lungfishes to the traditional paleontological preoccupation with the search for ancestors, to the interpretation of Eusthenopteron in the light of tetrapods and the reciprocal interpretation of fossil amphibians in the light of Eusthenopteron, and to the paleontological predilection for using plesiomorphous characters to formulate schemes of relationships"--P. 163.Item Open Access The Macristiidae, a ctenothrissiform family based on juvenile and larval scopelomorph fishes. American Museum novitates ; no. 2452(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1971) Rosen, Donn Eric, 1929-; Chain (Research vessel)"A new Macristium-like larval fish is compared with published accounts of specimens previously assigned to the Macristiidae and with known myctophoid larvae. It is concluded that the new Macristium-like larva and all of the macristiids are myctophoids, and it is hypothesized that together they represent larval and juvenile bathysaurids and ipnopids or forms closely related to these families. The implications of that conclusion for ctenothrissiform classification are discussed"--P. 20.Item Open Access A new fish of the genus Xiphophorus from Guatemala, with remarks on the taxonomy of endemic forms. American Museum novitates ; no. 2379(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1969) Rosen, Donn Eric, 1929-; Kallman, Klaus D.Item Open Access New poeciliid fishes from Guatemala, with comments on the origins of some South and Central American forms. American Museum novitates ; no. 2303(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1967) Rosen, Donn Eric, 1929-Item Open Access A new tetragonopterine characid fish from Guatemala. American Museum novitates ; no. 2435(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1970) Rosen, Donn Eric, 1929-Item Open Access Notes on the structure and relationships of the alepocephaloid fishes. American Museum novitates ; no. 2473(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1971) Greenwood, Peter Humphry.; Rosen, Donn Eric, 1929-"The alepocephaloid fishes, which have had a long, uncertain taxonomic history, are compared with members of the Argentinoidei. The two groups share a distinctive pharyngobranchial structure not known to occur in any other major group of fishes. Study of the caudal skeleton of alepocephaloids and argentinoids reveals additional trenchant similarities between these two groups. Other anatomical information is consistent with the hypothesis that alepocephaloids and argentinoids form a monophyletic assemblage. The two groups are included as two superfamilies, the Alepocephaloidea and Argentinoidea, of the suborder Argentinoidei. Suggested rearrangements of members of the Argentinoidea also are propsed"--P. [1].Item Open Access On Müller's and Cuvier's concepts of pharyngognath and labyrinth fishes and the classification of percomorph fishes : with an atlas of percomorph dorsal gill arches. American Museum novitates ; ; no. 2983.(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1990) Rosen, Donn Eric, 1929-; Patterson, Colin.Item Open Access Origin of the characid fish genus Bramocharax and a description of a second, more primitive, species in Guatemala. American Museum novitates ; no. 2500(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1972) Rosen, Donn Eric, 1929-; Bailey, Reeve M. (Reeve Maclaren)"A new species of the characid fish genus Bramocharax is described from a karst region along the northern foothills of the Sierra de Chamá in Guatemala. The region is characterized by sinks and caverns into which streams of various sizes disappear. The points of emergence or hydrographic relationships of these streams are not always evident, but the ichthyofaunal evidence presented helps to tie some of them to two of the major tributaries of the Río Usumacinta system. The phyletic relationships of the three presently known forms of Bramocharax (the species being described here and the two subspecies of bransfordi) are analyzed. The zoogeographic inferences drawn from the proposed phylogeny are that the genus Bramocharax arose in the Río Usumacinta system and then spread southward to the Río San Juan system of Nicaragua and Costa Rica. The populations of Bramocharax inhabiting lakes Nicaragua and Managua are identified as historically the most recently established"--P. [1].Item Open Access Origin of the Weberian apparatus and the relationships of the ostariophysan and gonorynchiform fishes. American Museum novitates ; no. 2428(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1970) Rosen, Donn Eric, 1929-; Greenwood, Peter Humphry.; Anderson, Sydney, 1927-; Weitzman, Stanley H.; American Museum-Bolivian Expeditions (1963-1965)Item Open Access Oryzias madagascariensis Arnoult redescribed and assigned to the East African fish genus Pantanodon (Atheriniformes, Cyprinodontoidei). American Museum novitates ; no. 2240(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1965) Rosen, Donn Eric, 1929-; Arnoult, J.Item Open Access Phyletic studies of teleostean fishes, with a provisional classification of living forms. Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 131, article 4(New York : [American Museum of Natural History], 1966) Greenwood, Peter Humphry.; Rosen, Donn Eric, 1929-; Weitzman, Stanley H.; Myers, George S. (George Sprague), 1905-1985.Item Open Access Phylogeny and zoogeography of salmoniform fishes and relationships of Lepidogalaxias salamandroides. Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 153, article 2(New York : [American Museum of Natural History], 1974) Rosen, Donn Eric, 1929-"The affinities of the tiny, freshwater Australian fish Lepidogalaxias salamandroides have remained uncertain since its original description in 1961. Comparisons of Lepidogalaxias with various salmoniforms, which it superficially resembles, uncovered a number of major problems in salmoniform taxonomy. A review of the anatomy of salmoniform gill arches, caudal skeletons, and secondary sexual characters suggests that Lepidogalaxias is an esocoid, that galaxiids and aplochitonids are related to salmonids (as salmonoids), and that retropinnids and prototroctids are related to osmerids, salangids, and plecoglossids (as osmeroids). A comparison of possible salmoniform phylogenies based on various anatomical features indicates that the phylogeny derived from gill arch evidence leads to the most economical hypothesis involving the fewest assumptions of independent origin of similar character states. The proposed phylogeny recognizes salmonoids and osmeroids (each as redefined to include parts of the former galaxioid assemblage) as sister groups. Argentinoids are considered a plesiomorph sister group of these two, and esocoids plus Lepidogalaxias the plesiomorph sister group of all other salmoniforms. Salmoniforms are amphitropical, panboreal, and panaustral in distribution and their worldwide and southern hemisphere distributions correspond partly or wholly with those of chironomid midges, southern beech trees (Nothofagus), and other plant groups. Alternative biogeographic interpretations of these distributions are considered: chance dispersal over uninhabitable gaps in relation to the present continental landscape versus an original and ancient Pangaean distribution followed by continental drift. Waif dispersal hypotheses are found to be aprioristic, wanting in evidence, highly imaginative, and untestable, whereas the continental drift model simply and directly accounts for the present distributions of varied organisms with different mobilities and other biological properties. Acceptability of the continental drift model would place the minimum age of the main groups of salmoniforms at 180 million years and of some of the southern assemblages at 90 million years. Reasons for rejecting the concepts of primary and secondary division freshwater fishes as applied to the solution to zoogeographic problems are given. A return to the concepts of continental and oceanic fish groups is advocated, the zoogeographic interpretations of which are determined not by what we imagine to be the habits of the fishes and their possible dispersal mechanisms but by their distributions in relation to phylogeny and in relation to the distributions of other organisms"--P. 269.Item Open Access The poeciliid fishes (Cyprinodontiformes) : their structure, zoogeography, and systematics. Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 126, article 1(New York : [American Museum of Natural History], 1963) Rosen, Donn Eric, 1929-; Bailey, Reeve M. (Reeve Maclaren)