Browsing by Author "Peloso, Pedro L. V."
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Item Description and phylogenetic relationships of a new genus and species of lizard (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) from the Amazonian rainforest of northern Brazil. (American Museum novitates, no. 3713)(American Museum of Natural History., 2011) Peloso, Pedro L. V.; Pellegrino, Katia Cristina Machado.; Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut Urbano.; Ávila-Pires, Teresa C. S.Marinussaurus curupira, a new genus and species of Gymnophthalmidae lizard is described from Iranduba, state of Amazonas, Brazil. The genus is characterized by an elongate body; short and stout pentadactyl limbs; all digits clawed; single frontonasal; two prefrontals; absence of frontoparietals; interparietal and parietals forming a straight posterior margin, with interparietal shorter than parietals; distinctive ear opening and eyelid; few temporals; three pairs of chin shields; nasal divided; a distinct collar; smooth, mainly hexagonal, dorsal scales; smooth quadrangular ventral scales; two precloacal and three femoral pores on each side in males; pores between three or four scales. Parsimony (PAR) and partitioned Bayesian (BA) phylogenetic analyses with morphological and molecular data recovered the new genus as a member of the Ecpleopodini radiation of the Cercosaurinae. A close relationship of the new genus with Arthrosaura is postulated.Item An extraordinary new species of Melanophryniscus (Anura, Bufonidae) from southeastern Brazil. (American Museum novitates, no. 3762)(American Museum of Natural History., 2012-11-14) Peloso, Pedro L. V.; Faivovich, Julián.; Grant, Taran, 1972-; Gasparini, João Luiz.; Haddad, Célio F. B.We describe a new species of bufonid from a lowland, sandy soil, restinga habitat in the state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil. Based on the shared occurrence of putative morphological synapomorphies of Melanophryniscus and the results of a phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences of a broad sample of bufonids, and other anurans, we assign the new species to Melanophryniscus. The new species possesses several peculiar character states that distinguish it from all other Melanophryniscus including, but not limited to: fingers II, III, and V much reduced; nuptial pad with few enlarged, brown-colored spines on medial margin of finger II; seven presacral vertebrae, the last fused with the sacrum; and ventral humeral crest prominent, forming a spinelike projection.Item High resolution images for Phylogeny, taxonomic revision, and character evolution of the genera Chiasmocleis and Syncope (Anura, Microhylidae) in Amazonia, with descriptions of three new species. (Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 386)(2014-03-25) Peloso, Pedro L. V.; Sturaro, Marcelo José.; Forlani, Mauricio C.; Gaucher, Philippe.; Motta, Ana Paula.; Wheeler, Ward.High resolution images for Phylogeny, taxonomic revision, and character evolution of the genera Chiasmocleis and Syncope (Anura, Microhylidae) in Amazonia, with descriptions of three new species. (Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 386); Bulletin no. 386 can be accessed at this link: http://hdl.handle.net/2246/6517Item A new Amazonian species of Adenomera (Anura, Leptodactylidae) from the Brazilian state of Pará : a tody-tyrant voice in a frog. (American Museum novitates, no. 3919)(American Museum of Natural History., 2019-02-07) Carvalho, Thiago R. de.; Giaretta, Ariovaldo A.; Angulo, Ariadne.; Haddad, Célio F. B.; Peloso, Pedro L. V.Leptodactylid frogs are phenotypically diverse, widely distributed across the Neotropics, and are known to harbor high levels of cryptic species diversity. This is especially true in Adenomera, where several candidate species have been recognized in a genetics-based study. Here we describe a new Amazonian species of Adenomera, which corresponds to one of the lineages previously identified as a candidate species ("sp. F"). Adenomera phonotriccus, n. sp., differs from all 18 recognized congeners by its unique advertisement call. Moreover, this species can be distinguished from nearly all congeners (except A. cotuba and A. lutzi) in having antebrachial tubercles on the undersides of its forearms. The distribution of A. phonotriccus seems to be restricted to the Araguaia-Xingu interfluve, in the eastern portion of the Brazilian state of Pará. Additional sampling effort on the right margin of the Araguaia River and along the Xingu River drainage should clarify the distribution of A. phonotriccus and perhaps result in the discovery of additional undescribed species of Adenomera in a region with high biological diversity.Item A new Tropidurus (Tropiduridae) from the semiarid Brazilian Caatinga : evidence for conflicting signal between mitochondrial and nuclear loci affecting the phylogenetic reconstruction of South American collared lizards. (American Museum novitates, no. 3852)(American Museum of Natural History., 2016-02-20) Carvalho, André L. G. (André Luiz Gomes); Sena, Marco A.; Peloso, Pedro L. V.; Machado, Fabio A.; Montesinos, Rachel.; Silva, Hélio Ricardo da.; Campbell, Gwyneth.; Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut Urbano.Tropidurus Wied, 1825, is one of the most ubiquitous lizard genera distributed in open habitats of tropical and subtropical South America. Nevertheless, the broad representation of specimens of this group in scientific collections is hardly reflected in our knowledge of its taxonomic diversity. Most species currently assigned to Tropidurus began to be uncovered in the early 1980's and additional populations in need of formal taxonomic treatment have been cataloged ever since. Herein, we name Tropidurus sertanejo, n. sp., a new species of the T. torquatus group endemic to the semiarid Brazilian Caatinga. Tropidurus sertanejo, n. sp., is currently known from two isolated populations in the municipalities of Caetité and Ibotirama, State of Bahia, Brazil. This is the only species of the T. torquatus group lacking granular mite pockets on the lateral neck, and it is also diagnosable by having a conspicuous bronze-colored head, a light-brown dorsal body with small pale salmon spots, and small body size in comparison with most congeners. Phylogenetic analyses recovered a paraphyletic Tropidurus, but firmly supported T. sertanejo, n. sp., as member of a monophyletic T. torquatus species group. Trees generated by independent analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial sequence data conflicted with our total evidence phylogenetic hypotheses. Since topological disagreements were detected among phylogenetic trees resulting from maximum parsimony (MP) and maximum likelihood (ML) reconstructions, and MP analyses do not require distinct evolutionary models or partition schemes to be defined prior to conduction of phylogenetic reconstruction, these factors were considered unlikely to explain all the variation in the observed results, favoring the interpretation of conflicting phylogenetic signal. Because detailed information on the distribution, population size, and ecological requirements of T. sertanejo, n. sp., are currently unavailable, we recommend the species to be listed as "data deficient" following the rules proposed by IUCN.Item Phylogeny, taxonomic revision, and character evolution of the genera Chiasmocleis and Syncope (Anura, Microhylidae) in Amazonia, with descriptions of three new species. (Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 386)(American Museum of Natural History., 2014-03-20) Peloso, Pedro L. V.; Sturaro, Marcelo José.; Forlani, Mauricio C.; Gaucher, Philippe, 1956-; Motta, Ana Paula.; Wheeler, Ward.A taxonomic assessment of the microhylid genera Chiasmocleis and Syncope occurring in the Amazon basin and Guiana Shield is presented. Syncope Walker, 1973, is considered a junior synonym of Chiasmocleis Méhelÿ, 1904, based on the monophyly of the group as a unit. To avoid secondary homonymy with Syncope carvalhoi Nelson, 1975 (senior homonym), a replacement name, Chiasmocleis lacrimae, nom. nov., is given to Chiasmocleis carvalhoi Cruz, Caramaschi, and Izecksohn, 1997 (junior homonym). From integrative analyses of morphological, acoustic, and a phylogenetic analysis of three genes (two mitochondrial, 16S: up to 557 bp, COI: up to 658 bp; and one nuclear, tyrosinase: up to 532 bp), we recognize 16 species in the area of study, 13 of which were previously known and three are described as new: Chiasmocleis albopunctata; C. anatipes; C. antenori; C. avilapiresae; C. bassleri; C. carvalhoi; C. devriesi; C. haddadi, sp. nov.; C. hudsoni; C. magnova; C. papachibe, sp. nov.; C. royi, sp. nov.; C. shudikarensis; C. supercilialba; C. tridactyla; C. ventrimaculata. Chiasmocleis jimi Caramaschi and Cruz, 2001, is considered a junior synonym of Chiasmocleis hudsoni Parker, 1940. Species accounts are provided for all 16 species, as is a compilation of available data, including type specimens, type localities, morphological diagnoses, variation, tadpoles (only from literature), advertisement calls (calls of several populations described for the first time), and natural history. Photographs and updated data on geographical distributions, with maps, are also provided. The evolution of some phenotypic traits is studied in light of a phylogeny of the group.Item Supplemental Material for 'A new Tropidurus (Tropiduridae) from the semiarid Brazilian Caatinga : evidence for conflicting signal between mitochondrial and nuclear loci affecting the phylogenetic reconstruction of South American collared lizards. (American Museum novitates, no. 3852)'(American Museum of Natural History., 2016-02-20) Carvalho, André L. G. (André Luiz G.); Sena, Marco A.; Peloso, Pedro L. V.; Machado, Fabio A.; Montesinos, Rachel.; Silva, Hélio R.; Campbell, Gwyneth.; Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut Urbano.Supplemental Material for 'A new Tropidurus (Tropiduridae) from the semiarid Brazilian Caatinga : evidence for conflicting signal between mitochondrial and nuclear loci affecting the phylogenetic reconstruction of South American collared lizards. (American Museum novitates, no. 3852)' - http://hdl.handle.net/2246/6637