Browsing by Author "Lerner Marine Laboratory."
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Item The anoline lizards of Bimini, Bahamas. American Museum novitates ; no. 1383(New York : American Museum of Natural History, 1948) Oliver, James Arthur, 1914-; Lerner Marine Laboratory."Three new subspecies of Anolis are described from Bimini, Bahamas, British West Indies. These are: Anolis angusticeps chickcharneyi, Anolis carolinensis lerneri, and Anolis distichus biminiensis. The fourth Anolis inhabiting the islands is Anolis sagrei ordinatus Cope. 2. The four species on Bimini differ markedly in morphological attributes, coloration, ecological preferences, behavior, and relative abundance. On the basis of these differences they can be allocated into two species pairs: (1) angusticeps and carolinensis that are strongly depressed and elongate in habitus, with well-developed adhesive pads on the digits, are almost entirely arboreal in habits, and are shy and retiring in behavior; and (2) distichus and sagrei that are moderately stout in proportions and only slightly depressed, have the adhesive pads only moderately developed, are not restricted to an arboreal habit, and are agile and alert in behavior. 3. The Bahamian representatives of the species angusticeps, carolinensis, and sagrei are Cuban in origin, whereas the representative of distichus appears to be a derivative of Hispaniola"--P. 34-35.Item The blind snakes (Typhlops) of Bimini, Bahama Islands, British West Indies, with description of a new species. American Museum novitates ; no. 1734(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1955) Richmond, Neil D.; Netting, M. Graham.; Lerner Marine Laboratory.Item The Buprestidae of the Bahama Islands, British West Indies (Coleoptera, Buprestidae). American Museum novitates ; no. 1517(New York : American Museum of Natural History, 1951) Cazier, Mont A.; Rindge, Frederick H.; Lerner Marine Laboratory.Item The centipeds (Chilopoda) of South Bimini, Bahama Islands, British West Indies. American Museum novitates ; no. 1576(New York : American Museum of Natural History, 1952) Chamberlin, Ralph V. (Ralph Vary), 1879-1967.; Cazier, Mont A.; Gertsch, Willis John, 1906-; Vaurie, Charles.; Vaurie, Patricia.; Lerner Marine Laboratory.Item Geographic variation and hybridization in populations of Bahama snails (Cerion). American Museum novitates ; no. 1806(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1956) Mayr, Ernst 1904-; Rosen, Carmela Berritto.; Lerner Marine Laboratory."A survey was made of the Cerion snails in the Bimini group, Bahama Islands. Samples were obtained of every colony on North, East, and South Bimni, and the location and extent of the colonies were mapped. Samples from Gun Cay, North Cat Cay, and South Cat Cay were also studied. Subfossil dead shells of Cerion were collected in several areas where Cerion has become extinct. 2. Each colony has its own diagnostic characteristics of size, shape, sculpture, and coloration, but three groups of colonies are distinguishable: the lerneri group, the biminiense group, and the Cat Cay group (pillsburyi). Even though superficially each group appears to be a separate species, each is allopatric, and adjacent colonies show signs of gene exchange. Two colonies are apparently hybrid populations. 3. Hybrid colonies show high variability (C.V.) with respect to sculpture (amount of costation) and coloration, but size and shape are not more variable than in other colonies. 4. Colony size is very variable, ranging from a few hundred individuals to several hundred thousands. 5. Some colonies are isolated from one another by stretches of from 1 to 5 kilometers of unsuitable or unoccupied terrain; in other areas the colonies form an uninterrupted band parallel to the beach. 6. The colonies are similar to one another in basic ecology, but differ in preference for substrate (coral rock or sand), preferred plants, and exposure. 7. Geographic variation is pronounced, but irregular. The facts are best explained by one's assuming two antagonistic tendencies: a high degree of sedentariness and infrequent long-distance dispersal by hurricanes. 8. Differences in shell characteristics evolve more rapidly than reproductive isolation. As a consequence, some populations which had become morphologically very distinct during a period of isolation were still able to interbreed freely when they again came into contact. 9. The characteristics that adapt Cerion so superbly to its continuously changing habitat make it exceedingly difficult to classify the populations of this genus in the conventional categories of species and subspecies"--P. 45-46.Item The hydrodynamic aspects of fish propulsion. American Museum novitates ; no. 1601(New York : American Museum of Natural History, 1952) Gero, D. R.; Lerner Marine Laboratory.Item A new species of the genus Heteromysis (Crustacea, Mysidacea) from the Bahama Islands, commensal with a sea-anemone. American Museum novitates ; no. 1716(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1955) Clarke, William Dixon.; Lerner Marine Laboratory.Item Observations on coloration in reference to behavior in tide-pool and other marine shore fishes. Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 92, article 5(New York : [American Museum of Natural History], 1948) Breder, Charles M. (Charles Marcus), 1897-; Lerner Marine Laboratory."One. Regular inhabitants of Bahama tide pools maintain their residence for long periods, extending at least between drying on successive spring tides. 2. Peck-order hierarchies of some stability are established in these tide pools which are interspecific and evidently depend to a considerable extent on size and darkness of coloration. 3. The contents of such tide pools may be divided into typical species which are dominant and show specializations associated with tide-pool life, casual species which are less abundant and show no obvious tide-pool specialization but are well accommodated to them, and accidental species which are rare and evidently not suited to such places in which they are apparently occasionally trapped. 4. Species in the area studied which are here considered as typical include Bathygobius soporator and Salarichthys textilis; those considered as casual include the young of Eupomacentrus leucostictus, E. adustus, Abudefduf analogus, and A. saxatilis; while those considered as accidental include Jenkinsia lamprotaenia, the young of Mugil trichodon, Eucinostomus gula, Eques pulcher, Pomacanthus aureus, Acanthurus hepatus, and Thalassoma bifasciatum. 5. In addition to respiratory specializations and the ability to leave a given pool and move overland, the typical species are able to and do match the bottom on which they rest to a remarkable degree, while the casuals in no case show such adjustments, their bright colors making them conspicuous to a notable extent. 6. The typical species are strictly carnivorous and prey to some slight extent on the casuals, but the latter as well as the accidentals are all non-predatory, subsisting on such vegetable and animal matter as they may obtain by picking at growths on the substrate or grubbing in the sand. 7. The typical tide-pool species, and Eupomacentrus among the casuals, spend much time going in and out of cavities such as empty shells, the former both day and night while the latter spend the entire night hidden in such places. All the rest spend the night resting in open places, with the exception of Thalassoma which evidently spends the night under cover. 8. Both Eucinostomus gula and young Sphyraena barracuda inhabit open, shallow, sandy beaches and show a bottom-matching mottling over mottled bottom, but become plain and also bottom matching over clean sand with the exception of certain fin tips which become intensely black. 9. The fact that the black pupil of the eye cannot be faded suggests that the fin tip is in some way connected with this fact in reference to recognition or confusion. 10. Other fishes of these same clean beach areas that show similar black-and-white patterns, involving only the fin tips, include, besides the above, adult Mugil trichodon and young Trachinotus palometa. 11. Both young and adult of Chaetodipterus faber, in the very clear water of this region (in contrast to their chromatic behavior in places of greater turbidity), when on clear stretches of sand show their blackest phase and recline on one side, resembling a piece of inert trash, but when in the area of a dock right themselves and hide among the piles with their boldest pattern of black-and-white vertical bars. 12. Since the more usual background-matching behavior of other fishes makes it possible only for blind fish to show their darkest phase when in light on a light background, it follows that the visual-hormonal control of melanophores in Chaetodipterus must operate in a different manner. 13. The fish Astrapogon, inquiline in Strombus gigas, shows an approximately equal infestation of this mollusk irrespective of the concentration of the latter, but only in inside sheltered waters, and it is evidently absent from the relatively unsheltered Strombus samba. About one Strombus in 12 was found to be inhabited by an Astrapogon in sheltered places. 14. The spawning season of Astrapogon begins in August in this region"--P. 309.Item On the relationship of social behavior to pigmentation in tropical shore fishes. Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 94, article 2(New York : [American Museum of Natural History], 1949) Breder, Charles M. (Charles Marcus), 1897-; Lerner Marine Laboratory."One. The possible reactions open to fishes in regard to attack, feeding needs, social behavior, pigmentation, time, and space may be conveniently tabulated in thoretical terms. 2. The actual reactions observed in a variety of fishes compared with the theoretical tabulation show that illustrations filling nearly every category exist. 3. Included in such illustrative material are new data on the pigmentary and associated behavioral reactions of Manta, Strongylura, Hippocampus, Hepsetia, Sphyraena, Coryphaena, Apogonichthys, Pomacentrus, Abudefduf, Halichoeres, Thalassoma, Holocentrus, Bathygobius, Gnatholepis, Stathmonotus, Canthigaster, Histrio, Antennarius, and Ogcocephalus. 4. These data indicate that study in greater and more exact detail must be made of the total behavior of a given species in reference to its pigmentary changes before any clear picture can be had of the full significance of the activity of the pigmentary system. 5. A scheme for representing the relationships between various factors in the survival of organisms, covering cases where pairs of factors are supplementary and cases where they are opposed, is found convenient when discussing their various reactive patterns"--P. 104.Item Orientation and jumping behavior in the gobiid fish Bathygobius soporator. American Museum novitates ; no. 1486(New York : American Museum of Natural History, 1951) Aronson, Lester R. (Lester Ralph), 1911-; Lerner Marine Laboratory."A preliminary field study of the jumping behavior of the tide-pool gobiid fish Bathygobius soporator revealed that, except for certain unusual circumstances, these fish are so well oriented before jumping that they always land safely in a neighboring pool or in the open water. The conditions are such that the fish could not possibly see the neighboring pools before leaping. Various factors that might contribute to this orientation were examined and eliminated. These included (1) orientation to the open water, to the original outlet, or to a notch or similar configuration in the rim of the pool; (2) the position of the sun or shadows cast by the sun; (3) trial and error learning of the jumps. As a working hypothesis it is suggested that these gobies swim over the tide pools at high tide and acquire an effective memory of the general features of the topography of a limited area around the home pool which they are able to utilize when locked in their pools at low tide"--P. 20-21.Item A revision of North American sharks allied to the genus Carcharhinus. American Museum novitates ; no. 1451(New York : American Museum of Natural History, 1950) Springer, Stewart; Lerner Marine Laboratory.Item Some annelid and sipunculid worms of the Bimini region. American Museum novitates ; no. 1617(New York : American Museum of Natural History, 1953) Andrew, Warren, 1910-; Andrew, Nancy V.; Lerner Marine Laboratory.Item Sponges of the western Bahamas. American Museum novitates ; no. 1431(New York : American Museum of Natural History, 1949) De Laubenfels, M. W. (Max Walker), 1894-; Lerner Marine Laboratory.Item Stony corals from the vicinity of Bimini, Bahamas, British West Indies. Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 115, article 4(New York : [American Museum of Natural History], 1958) Squires, Donald Fleming.; Lerner Marine Laboratory.Item Studies on the structure of the fish school. Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 98, article 1(New York : [American Museum of Natural History], 1951) Breder, Charles M. (Charles Marcus), 1897-; Lerner Marine Laboratory."One. The organization of a school of Jenkinsia is based on visual cues which become inoperative at just about the visual limit in man under certain conditions or before it under others. 2. Normally a school of Jenkinsia maintains a specified distance from solid vertical objects such as piles, and approaches twice as close to light-colored ones as to dark-colored. 3. The formation of a mill in Jenkinsia, typically based on extrinsic factors, may evidently under certain conditions be based on strictly intrinsic factors. 4. A mill of 3 feet in diameter of about 500 fish had members at the periphery traveling at about 3 inches per second. 5. Such a mill traveling around the wall of a circular tank traveled at the rate of about 1.4 feet per minute. 6. Individual fish near the center of a mill are more closely spaced than are those at its periphery. 7. A mill passing along a wall moves in a direction that a wheel would in rolling along a similar surface but with many more revolutions than a wheel would show without slipping. 8. Isolation of an individual or a small group for as short a time as a week will cause them to show reluctance to join a larger group. 9. Effects of weather such as rippled surface of the water or passing clouds tend to loosen the school, so that it is found in its most striking cohesive form close to the surface on days of clear skies and no wind. 10. Small differences in water temperature control the form and location of a school to a marked extent, certain isothermal lines acting as an effective barrier to the passage of such schools. 11. Within a school of somewhat mixed sizes there appears to be continual self-sorting, resulting in fish of the most nearly similar sizes being found together. 12. Aggressive behavior and aggregating tendencies are considered in theoretical terms in reference to school formation, simple aggregation, and solitary habits. 13. Further analytical suggestions are indicated with reference to future work extending to greater refinement of method than has been possible up to the present"--P. 25.