Browsing by Author "Horne, Jennifer F. M."
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Item Behavioral notes on the nest-parasitic Afrotropical honeyguides (Aves, Indicatoridae). American Museum novitates ; no. 2825(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1985) Short, Lester L.; Horne, Jennifer F. M."New data from field studies of Afrotropical honeyguides, examination of label data from specimens in most of the major collections having honeyguides, and review of the literature are bases for updating the biology of Afrotropical honeyguides, last treated by Friedmann (1955). Three species (Prodotiscus zambesiae, Indicator meliphilus, and I. narokensis) have been elevated from subspecific status, and two new species (Melignomon eisentrauti, and Indicator pumilio) have been described since 1955. Emphasizing habitat, foraging habits, foods, interspecific behavior, acoustic and visual displays, hosts, and territoriality and breeding habits, new insights are provided into honeyguide biology, although much remains to be accomplished, and the biology of some species is virtually unknown. Honeyguiding habits seem restricted to Indicator indicator. At least some honeyguides (I. indicator, I. variegatus, and I. minor) are aggressive about sources of beeswax, with a dominance hierarchy inter- and intraspecifically. Exact pair relations largely remain to be elucidated, but evidence is presented that there is cooperation between individuals, hence extended pair bonds, assisting female honeyguides to enter well-defended nests of their hosts. Some lesser honeyguide (I. minor) males seek out duetting pairs of their barbet hosts, monitor them, and defend them against conspecific male honeyguides. Honeyguides parasitizing barbets monitor barbet activities about the barbets' roosting or nesting holes even in the nonbreeding periods. A nestling honeyguide (I. minor) was seen making its initial departure from its host's (Stactolaema anchietae) nest; a host barbet arriving to feed it shifted recognition from that of a (foster) nestling to that of a 'honeyguide,' and immediately and violently attacked the young honeyguide, which was driven out of the barbets' territory. Young honeyguides essentially must be able to fend for themselves when they exit from the nest. The destruction of the host's eggs or young, by the laying female honeyguide or later by the young honeyguide, is important to insure that the nestling honeyguide secures maximum feeding. The same lesser honeyguide situation involving that nestling provided evidence of continual monitoring of the nest by one and sometimes two lesser honeyguides right up until the fledging of the young honeyguide. The sight and sound of adult honeyguides thus may be familiar to a young honeyguide even before it leaves the hosts' nest. New vocal and visual displays are described for a number of honeyguides. For the sake of completeness, full lists of honeyguide hosts are provided for each species, and the information provided effectively summarizes what is known of Afrotropical honeyguides in 1984"--P. [1]-2.Item Vocal behavior, morphology and hybridization of Australian spotted and yellow-rumped pardalotes (Aves, Pardalotus). American Museum novitates ; no. 2756(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1983) Short, Lester L.; Horne, Jennifer F. M.; Schodde, Richard."In the course of varied Australian field studies during 1979 and 1980 we were able to devote some effort to investigating the vocalizations and other behavior of the closely related, largely allopatric spotted pardalote (Pardalotus punctatus) in Queensland, New South Wales, and Victoria; and to a lesser extent the yellow-rumped pardalote (P. xanthopygus) in Victoria. A few specimens were collected of birds whose voices were recorded on tape. Morphological studies of these and other specimens demonstrate the similarity of the two taxa. Their vocal repertory includes seven major vocalizations. Of these, six are calls, five in punctatus and three in xanthopygus. Probably all six calls are found in both forms. Differences in those of the calls found in both are nil or slight. Males of both species sing songs and abbreviated songs similar generally in quality and tone, but differing between the two taxa in details of structure, pitch, and temporal arrangement of elements. Some vocalizations intermediate in form, pitch and timing, together with morphological data, indicate convergence of their characters in areas of contact in Victoria. Three of four specimens collected in Victoria are hybrids or likely hybrids as determined by their morphology and vocalizations. The vocal repertory as presented for the two taxa may be complete, but more data are needed, especially from P. xanthopygus. The extent of their hybridization, and hence their taxonomic status remain to be established fully, since they meet in three different regions (southwestern Australia, South Australia, and southeastern Australia), and the only detailed studies, reported here, cover but one region, and that only partly"--P. [1].Item Vocal displays and some interactions of Kenyan honeyguides (Indicatoridae) with barbets (Capitonidae). American Museum novitates ; no. 2684(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1979) Short, Lester L.; Horne, Jennifer F. M."In the course of studies of barbets in Kenya we were able to obseve the behavior of five species of honeyguides: Prodotiscus (insignis) zambesiae, Indicator indicator, I. variegatus, I. minor, and a small species tentatively identified as I. narokensis. Previously unknown or little known vocalizations of four of these were recorded on tape and analyzed. Much of the behavior and many of the vocalizations occurred during interactions of the honeyguides with various species of barbets that in most cases were not breeding. A female Indicator indicator engaged in an encounter with Stactolaema olivacea, I. variegatus responded to playback of the small Pogoniulus simplex and one and at times two I. minor underwent sustained interactions with three Lybius leucocephalus. Playback of Lybius torquatus duets stimulated the barbets to duet frequently, which attracted both Indicator minor and I. narokensis; some sustained interactions resulted. Our findings add to the knowledge of honeyguides, and particularly demonstrate that strong interactions with potential host species (barbets) of the nest-parasitic honeyguides occur, and may take place in the absence of breeding activity of the barbets. Various questions are raised by the observations, and playback is advocated as a technique for fututre investigations that may answer these questions"--P. [1].