Browsing by Author "Forster, Raymond R., 1922-"
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Item Contributions to arachnid systematics in honor of Willis J. Gertsch, on the occasion of his seventy-fifth birthday. Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 170, article 1(New York : American Museum of Natural History, 1981) Gertsch, Willis John, 1906-; Kaston, B. J. (Benjamin Julian), 1906-; Valerio, Carlos E.; Platnick, Norman I.; Shadab, Mohammad Umar.; Francke, Oscar F.; Maury, Emilio A.; Stahnke, Herbert L. (Herbert Ludwig), 1902-; Murphy, John A.; Raven, Robert J.; Coyle, Frederick A.; Valerio, Carlos E.; Brignoli, Paolo Marcello.; Roth, Vincent D.; Dondale, Charles D.; Redner, James H.; Kronestedt, Torbjorn.; Lowrie, Donald Charles, 1910-; Carico, James E.; Minch, Edwin W.; Peck, William B.; Reiskind, Jonathan.; Richman, David B.; Cutler, Bruce, 1943-; Galiano, Maria Elena.; Opell, Brent D.; Van Helsdingen, P. J.; Millidge, A. F. (Alfred Frank); Levi, Herbert Walter, 1921-; Shear, William A.; Forster, Raymond R., 1922-Item On Teutoniella, an American genus of the spider family Micropholcommatidae (Araneae, Palpimanoidea). American Museum novitates ; no. 2854(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1986) Platnick, Norman I.; Forster, Raymond R., 1922-"The genus Teutoniella Brignoli, based on the Brazilian species T. plaumanni Brignoli, was described in the Anapidae but does not belong to that family. On the basis of its elevated cheliceral gland mound, reduced leg spination, extensively elevated pars cephalica, and reduced booklungs, T. plaumanni seems to belong instead to the palpimanoid lineage including the currently recognized families Textricellidae and Micropholcommatidae. Because it (1) has only greatly reduced booklungs (or incipient anterior tracheae), (2) lacks the two features (extension of the anterior tracheae into the prosoma, and reduction of the female pedipalp segment number) that are suggested to be synapomorphic for Micropholcomma, Pua, and Parapua, and (3) lacks the one putative synapomorphy (loss of the posterior tracheae) uniting Textricella (and its possible senior synonym Eterosonycha) and Tricella, Teutoniella may well represent the sister group of all those taxa. Rather than establish a new family-group name based on Teutoniella, we synonymize the Textricellidae with the Micropholcommatidae and place Teutoniella in the latter family. A second species of Teutoniella, T. cekalovici, is described from Chile"--P. [1].Item On the first American spiders of the subfamily Sternodinae (Araneae, Malkaridae). American Museum novitates ; no. 2894(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1987) Platnick, Norman I.; Forster, Raymond R., 1922-"A new genus, Chernodes, is described for a new Chilean species, C. australis, that is closely related to the Australian and Tasmanian genera Sternodes Butler and Carathea Moran. These three genera are hypothesized to represent the sister-group of the Malkarinae, known only from Australia and new Zealand, and the family Sternodidae Moran is therefore relegated to subfamilial status within the Malkaridae. The enlarged Malkaridae is tentatively treated as the sister-group of the Mimetidae, but could prove to represent only a highly autapomorphic subgroup of that family"--P. [1].Item On the Micromygalinae, a new subfamily of mygalomorph spiders (Araneae, Microstigmatidae). American Museum novitates ; no. 2734(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1982) Platnick, Norman I.; Forster, Raymond R., 1922-The subfamily Micromygalinae is established for a new genus and species (Micromygale diblemma) from Panama that contains the world's smallest known mygalomorph spider, and the only one known to have only two eyes, a complete dorsal scutum in males, and no lungs. Cladistic analysis indicates that the species belongs to the Microstigmatidae but represents the sister group of all other known microstigmatids. The two previously recognized subfamilies of that group are therefore relegated to tribal status within the Microstigmatidae'--P. [1].Item A proposal and review of the spider family Synotaxidae (Araneae, Araneoidea) : with notes on theridiid interrelationships. Bulletin of the AMNH ; no. 193([New York] : American Museum of Natural History, 1990) Forster, Raymond R., 1922-; Platnick, Norman I.; Coddington, Jonathan A."The previously monotypic subfamily Physogleninae Petrunkevitch is redefined to include Physoglenes Simon--containing P. vivesi Simon and three new species from Chile--and three new genera: Meringa, containing nine new species from New Zealand; Tupua, containing four new species from Tasmania; and Paratupua, containing one new species from Victoria. The physoglenine genera are united by unique modifications of the male pedicel and anterior abdominal region. The new subfamily Pahorinae is established for five new genera from New Zealand: Pahora (containing nine new species), Pahoroides (containing two new species), Wairua (containing two new species), Nomaua (containing five new species and N. crinifrons (Urquhart), transferred from the linyphiid genus Bolyphantes), and Runga (containing five new species). The pahorine genera are united by a carapace-abdomen stridulatory system, secretory pores on the male pars cephalica, and a deeply excavated paracymbial area on the male palp. Three other genera seem closely related to physoglenines and pahorines: Mangua, new genus, containing 13 new species and M. forsteri (Brignoli), transferred from Linyphia, all from New Zealand; Chileotaxus, new genus, containing one new species from Chile; and the Neotropical genus Synotaxus Simon. These spiders have been widely separated in some past classifications; Physoglenes has been variously considered a leptonetid, pholcid, theridiid, or araneoid incertae sedis, whereas the other previously described taxa have generally been considered theridiids or linyphiids. All 12 genera are united by the presence of a small, basally situated and dorsally excavated paracymbium, a longitudinal incision of the retrolateral cymbial margin, thickened (and sometimes spiniform) dorsal macrosetae on the male palpal femur, patella, and/or tibia, and greatly elongated, spineless legs, with the first pair much the longest and all femora basally thickened. The known web forms are diverse, including an irregular sheet (Mangua and at least some physoglenines), an inverted bowl (pahorines), and a latticelike structure (Synotaxus). The absence of a comb on tarsi IV and widened aggregate spigots on the posterior lateral spinnerets, and the presence of a basal paracymbium, indicate that these genera do not belong to the Theridiidae, and the male palpi lack the distinct embolic division including a radix typical of the Linyphiidae. The oldest family-group name available for the assemblage is Synotaxidae, based on Synotaxeae Simon. Synotaxidae is hypothesized to be the sister group of Nesticidae plus Theridiidae. Wunderlich's synonymy of the families Hadrotarsidae and Theridiidae appears to be justified by paracymbial morphology; two possibly monophyletic groups can be recognized among the genera that are currently considered valid members of those families. The genera Anatea Berland, Audifia Keyserling, Dipoena Thorell, Dipoenata Wunderlich, Euryopis Menge, Gmogola Keyserling, Guaraniella Baert, Hadrotarsus Thorell, Lasaeola Simon, and Yoroa Baert are apparently united by a suite of characters (a dorsoventrally flattened female palpal claw, shortened chelicerae with elongated fangs, specialized ventral setae on tarsus I, a series of parallel ridges on the medial surface of the anterior lateral spinnerets, and four rather than two spermathecae) and may all be specialized predators of ants; the earliest available name for the assemblage is Hadrotarsinae Thorell. At least the genera Anelosimus Simon, Chrosiothes Simon, Chrysso O.P.-Cambridge, Coleosoma O.P.-Cambridge, Helvibis Keyserling, Nesticodes Archer, Rugathodes Archer, Spintharus Hentz, Tekellina Levi, Theridula Emerton, Thwaitesia O.P.-Cambridge, and Thymoites Keyserling are apparently united by a distinctive paracymbial hood. The name Spintharinae Simon is available for this assemblage; if Spintharinae is monophyletic, the genera Achaearanea Strand and Anelosimus, as currently construed, may be polyphyletic assemblages that require relimitation"--P. 3.Item A review of the archaeid spiders and their relatives, with notes on the limits of the superfamily Palpimanoidea (Arachnida, Araneae). Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 178, article 1([New York] : American Museum of Natural History, 1984) Forster, Raymond R., 1922-; Platnick, Norman I."A comparative morphological survey of the archaeid spiders and their relatives is presented; cladistic analysis of the results supports the following taxonomic changes. The family Archaeidae Koch and Berendt is relimited to include only four genera: Archaea Koch and Berendt (containing six Baltic amber species and six Recent species from Madagascar), and the new genera Austrarchaea (type species Archaea nodosa Forster from Queensland; also including Archaea hickmani Butler from Victoria and a new species from Queensland), Afrarchaea (type species Archaea godfreyi Hewitt from South Africa and Madagascar), and Eoarchaea (type species Archaea hyperoptica Menge from Baltic amber). Other taxa previously placed in the Archaeidae are assigned to the family Mecysmaucheniidae Simon and the new families Pararchaeidae (for Pararchaea Forster, including seven species from New Zealand, Australia, and Tasmania) and Holarchacidae (for Holarchaea Forster, including H. novaeseelandiae Forster from New Zealand and Zearchaea globosa Hickman from Tasmania). The Mecysmaucheniidae is divided into two subfamilies. The Mecysmaucheniinae contains Mecysmauchenius Simon (type species M. segmentatus Simon from southern Chile, adjacent Argentina, and the Falkland Islands; also including M. gertschi Zapfe from central Chile and 14 new species from Chile and the Juan Fernandez Islands) and the new genera Mecysmauchenioides (type species Mecysmauchenius nordenskjoldi Tullgren from Chile), Semysmauchenius (type species S. antillanca, new species, from Chile), Mesarchaea (type species M. bellavista, new species, from Chile), and Aotearoa (type species Zearchaea magna Forster from New Zealand). The new subfamily Zearchaeinae contains Zearchaea Wilton (type species Z. clypeata Wilton from New Zealand; also including Z. fiordensis Forster from New Zealand) and the new genus Chilarchaea (type species C. quellon, new species, from Chile). Recent hypotheses by Lehtinen and Levi assigning these taxa to two different superfamilies are rejected. The four families are judged instead to constitute a monophyletic group with its closest relatives among the superfamily Palpimanoidea, which is expanded to include them as well as (in suggested sister-group sequence) the Textricellidae and Micropholcommatidae, the traditional palpimanoids (Huttoniidae, Stenochilidae, and Palpimanidae), and the Mimetidae"--P. 3.Item A review of the austral spider family Orsolobidae (Arachnida, Araneae), with notes on the superfamily Dysderoidea. Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 181, article 1([New York] : American Museum of Natural History, 1985) Forster, Raymond R., 1922-; Platnick, Norman I."The monogeneric tribe Orsolobini Cooke is removed from the Dysderidae, elevated to familial status, and redefined to include those dysderoids with a raised tarsal organ. As relimited, the family contains 170 species from Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, the Auckland and Campbell islands, Chile, Argentina, and the Falkland Islands. Six genera are transferred from the Oonopidae to the Orsolobidae: Tasmanoonops Hickman, Cornifalx Hickman, Ascuta Forster, Duripelta Forster, Pounamuella (nomen novum for Pounamua Forster, preoccupied), and Subantarctia Forster. Eighteen new genera are described: Falklandia (type species Orsolobus rumbolli Schiapelli and Gerschman from the Falkland Islands), Mallecolobus (type species M. malacus, new species, from Chile; also including three other new species from Chile), Chileolobus (type species C. eden, new species, from Chile), Osornolobus (type species O. canan, new species, from Chile; also including 16 new species from Chile), Hickmanolobus (type species Oonopinus mollipes Hickman from Tasmania, transferred from the Oonopidae), Australobus (type species A. torbay, new species, from Western Australia), Waipoua (type species W. toronui, new species, from New Zealand; also including Pounamua totara Forster from New Zealand, P. gressitti Forster from Campbell Island, and five other new species from New Zealand), Wiltonia (type species W. graminicola, new species, from New Zealand; also including eight other new species from New Zealand), Tautukua (type species T. isolata, new species, from New Zealand), Bealeyia (type species B. unicolor, new species, from New Zealand), Dugdalea (type species D. oculata, new species, from New Zealand), Anopsolobus (type species A. subterraneus, new species, from New Zealand), Turretia (type species T. dugdalei, new species, from New Zealand), Orongia (type species O. medialis, new species, from New Zealand; also including two other new species from New Zealand), Paralobus (type species Ascuta salmoni Forster from New Zealand), Tangata (type species T. nigra, new species, from New Zealand; also including Ascuta stewartensis Forster, A. rakiura Forster, A. orepukiensis Forster, A. alpina Forster, A. plena Forster, and 11 other new species from New Zealand), Maoriata (type species Ascuta magna Forster from New Zealand; also including two new species from New Zealand), and Waiporia (type species W. wiltoni, new species, from New Zealand; also including Ascuta extensa Forster, A. modica Forster, A. algida Forster, A. mensa Forster, Pounamua hornabrooki Forster, and six other new species from New Zealand). Sixty-two other new species are described in previously established genera: seven Orsolobus from Chile and Argentina, 25 Tasmanoonops from Australia and Tasmania, and 10 Ascuta, 13 Duripelta, 3 Pounamuella, and 4 Subantarctia from New Zealand. Ascuta pallida Forster is transferred to Duripelta. The females of Tangata rakiura (Forster), T. plena (Forster), Waiporia modica (Forster), and Pounamuella ramsayi (Forster) and the male of P. australis (Forster) are described for the first time. The characters of the four dysderoid families are reviewed"--P. 3.Item A review of the spider family Symphytognathidae (Arachnida, Araneae). American Museum novitates ; no. 2619(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1977) Forster, Raymond R., 1922-; Platnick, Norman I."The spider family Symphytognathidae is relimited to include only the genera Symphytognatha, Globignatha (elevated from subgeneric status), Patu, Anapistula, and the new genus Curimagua, all of which share the following derived characters: the chelicerae are fused at least at their base, the female pedipalp is either reduced to a unisegmented lobe or absent, the labium is much wider than long, and the sternum is broadly truncate posteriorly. Other genera previously placed in the family belong to the Anapidae, Mysmenidae, Micropholcommatidae, and Textricellidae. The status of the genus Iardinis is discussed; I. albulus Gertsch is transferred to Styposis (Theridiidae), I. boneti (Forster) is returned to Anapistula, and I. weyersi Simon is considered a nomen dubium. Eleven new species are described: Symphytognatha blesti from Australia; S. goodnightorum from Belize; S. gertschi from Mexico; S. chickeringi from Jamaica; Globignatha sedgwicki from Belize; Patu eberhardi, P. digua, and P. saladito from Colombia; Anapistula benoiti from Zaire; Curimagua chapmani from Venezuela; and C. bayano from Panama. The male of Anapistula secreta Gertsch is described for the first time, and the species is newly recorded from Florida, Jamaica, Costa Rica, and Colombia"--P. [1].Item A review of the spider superfamilies Hypochiloidea and Austrochiloidea (Araneae, Araneomorphae). Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 185, article 1([New York] : American Museum of Natural History, 1987) Forster, Raymond R., 1922-; Platnick, Norman I.; Gray, Michael R."The 'hypochiloids,' the most primitive known araneomorph spiders, are reclassified on the basis of a cladistic analysis of the results of a comparative morphological survey. Platnick's previous hypothesis--that the family Hypochilidae, containing two genera (Hypochilus, from the United States, and Ectatosticta, from China), represents the sister group of all other araneomorphs--is corroborated, and four new species of Hypochilus (H. pococki, H. coylei, H. sheari, and H. kastoni) are described. However, Platnick's and all other previous arrangements of the remaining 'hypochiloid' genera are rejected in favor of a hypothesis that these austral taxa form a monophyletic group, the superfamily Austrochiloidea, containing two families, the Austrochilidae and Gradungulidae. The family Hickmaniidae Lehtinen, containing only the Tasmanian species Hickmania troglodytes (Higgins and Petterd), is relegated to subfamilial status within the Austrochilidae. In its sister group, the Austrochilinae, Lehtinen's synonymy of Austrochilus manni Gertsch and Zapfe with Thaida peculiaris Karsch is rejected on both the specific and generic levels; four new species of Austrochilus (A. melon, A. schlingeri, A. franckei, and A. newtoni) and one new species of Thaida (T. chepu) are described from Chile and adjacent Argentina. Five new genera of Gradungulidae are described: Spelunga, containing S. cavernicola, new species, from New Zealand; Tarlina, containing five new species (T. noorundi, type species, T. milledgei, T. smithersi, T. daviesae, and T. simipes) and T. woodwardi (Forster), transferred from Gradungula, all from eastern Australia; Kaiya, containing three new species (K. terama, type species, K. bemboka, and K. parnabyi) and K. brindabella (Moran), transferred from Gradungula, all from eastern Australia; Pianoa, containing P. isolata, new species, from New Zealand; and Macrogradungula, containing M. moonya, new species, from Queensland, Australia"--P. 3.Item A revision of the New Caledonian spider genus Bradystichus (Araneae, Lycosoidea). American Museum novitates ; no. 3075(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1993) Platnick, Norman I.; Forster, Raymond R., 1922-Item A revision of the temperate South American and Australasian spiders of the family Anapidae (Araneae, Araneoidea). Bulletin of the AMNH ; no. 190([New York] : American Museum of Natural History, 1989) Platnick, Norman I.; Forster, Raymond R., 1922-"The anapid spiders known from Chile and Argentina, New Zealand, New Caledonia, and Australia are revised. The family is newly recorded from temperate South America, where it is represented by six new genera (Crassanapis, Sheranapis, Elanapis, Sofanapis, Pecanapis, and Minanapis) including 15 new species. The New Zealand anapids are assigned to three new genera: Zealanapis, for Chasmocephalon armatum Forster, C. australis Forster (which is removed from the synonymy of C. armatum), Risdonius conicus (Forster), and seven new species; Novanapis, for Pseudanapis spinipes (Forster); and Paranapis, for Pseudanapis insula (Forster) and one new species. The two previously known New Caledonian anapids, Anapogonia insolita (Berland) and A. pilupilu Brignoli, are assigned to the new genus Caledanapis and the female of the latter species is described for the first time; six additional New Caledonian species are assigned to Caledanapis and two other new genera (Montanapis and Mandanapis). Of the genera previously described from Australia, Acrobleps Hickman is transferred to the Mysmenidae and Olgania Hickman is transferred to the Micropholcommatidae. Pseudanapis aloha Forster, previously known from Hawaii and Yap, is newly recorded from Queensland; seven previously described and 30 new endemic Australian species are assigned to Risdonius Hickman, Chasmocephalon O.P.-Cambridge, and eight new genera (Tasmanapis, Victanapis, Queenslanapis, Hickmanapis, Nortanapis, Maxanapis, Octanapis, and Spinanapis). Chasmocephalon minutum Hickman is transferred to Hickmanapis; Anapogonia crassifemoralis (Wunderlich) and A. burra (Forster) are transferred to Maxanapis, and the female of the former species is described for the first time; Risdonius octoculus (Forster) is transferred to Octanapis; Anapogonia darlingtoni (Forster) is transferred to Spinanapis; and Pseudanapis grossa Forster, from New Guinea, is transferred to Conoculus Komatsu. Anapid morphology, monophyly, and relationships are reviewed. Both the labral spur and glandular openings at the anterolateral corners of the carapace may be synapomorphic for the family; most (perhaps all) species have haplogyne female genitalia"--P. 3.Item Spiders of the family Symphytognathidae from North and South America. American Museum novitates ; no. 1885(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1958) Forster, Raymond R., 1922-