Browsing by Author "Emerson, Alfred Edwards, 1896-"
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Item The African termite genera Firmitermes, Hoplognathotermes, Acutidentitermes, Duplidentitermes, and Heimitermes (Termitidae, Termitinae). American Museum novitates ; no. 1947(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1959) Emerson, Alfred Edwards, 1896-"The tropical African termite genera Firmitermes Sjöstedt, Hoplognathotermes Silvestri, Acutidentitermes, new genus, Duplidentitermes, new genus, and Heimitermes Grassé and Noirot, are described, and their phylogenetic relations are discussed. Four described species are redescribed and figured, and four new species are described and figured. All exhibit relatively primitive characters within the subfamily Termitinae of the family Termitidae. The genus Firmitermes and its type species F. abyssinicus, known only from a unique holotype soldier from Ethiopia, is redescribed and figured. ?Firmitermes tripolitanus (Sjöstedt), known only from the imago caste from Ethiopia, is redescribed from one cotype and a number of recently collected specimens. This species was formerly included in 'Eutermes' and 'Trinervitermes,' but is now assigned to ?Firmitermes with considerable doubt. The genus Hoplognathotermes is revised, and a cotype soldier and worker of the type species, H. subterranus Silvestri from French Guinea, are redescribed and figured. A species described from the worker only under the name 'Hoplognathotermes submissus Silvestri' is removed from Hoplognathotermes and is placed among the species listed under unclassified genera. Acutidentitermes, new genus, and A. osborni, new species, are described and figured from a soldier and workers from the Belgian Congo. Duplidentitermes, new genus, and the type species, D. furcatidens (Sjöstedt), formerly placed in Hoplognathotermes and known from imagoes, soldiers, and workers from the French Congo, French Equatorial Africa, are described and figured. Duplidentitermes jurioni, new species, and D. latimentonis, new species, both known from soldiers from the Belgian Congo, are described and figured. The genus Heimitermes is redescribed. Heimitermes moorei, new species, is described and figured from soldiers and workers from the Belgian Congo. Heimitermes laticeps Grassé and Noirot, known from soldiers and workers from French Equatorial Africa and Gabon, is compared to H. moorei"--P. 40.Item Ethospecies, ethotypes, taxonomy, and evolution of Apicotermes and Allognathotermes (Isoptera, Termitidae). American Museum novitates ; no. 1771(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1956) Emerson, Alfred Edwards, 1896-"Apicotermes gurgulifex, a new species from Angola, is described and primarily distinguished from its closest relative, A. desneuxi, by the structure of its nest. 2. Apicotermes holmgreni, a new species from Nyasaland, is described. 3. Apicotermes arquieri Grassé and Noirot is compared to other species and, with our present knowledge, is shown to be only ethologically distinct from A. occultus Silvestri. 4. The species described as Apicotermes aburiensis Sjöstedt is transferred to Allognathotermes aburiensis (Sjöstedt), new combination. 5. The terms 'ethospecies' and 'ethotype' are suggested for species and races primarily distinguished by their instinctive behavior. 6. The concept of the 'species' is discussed particularly as it applies to 'ethospecies' and to 'physiological species.' 7. The phylogeny of instinctive behavior among species of Apicotermes is substantiated"--P. 29.Item Five new genera of termites from South America and Madagascar (Isoptera, Rhinotermitidae, Termitidae). American Museum novitates ; no. 1444(New York : American Museum of Natural History, 1950) Emerson, Alfred Edwards, 1896-Item Five new species and one redescription of the neotropical genus Armitermes Wasmann (Isoptera, Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae). American Museum novitates ; no. 1841(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1957) Emerson, Alfred Edwards, 1896-; Banks, Frank Albert.Item The neotropical genera Procornitermes and Cornitermes (Isoptera, Termitidae). Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 99, article 8(New York : [American Museum of Natural History], 1952) Emerson, Alfred Edwards, 1896-Item The neotropical genus Labiotermes (Holmgren) : its phylogeny, distribution, and ecology (Isoptera, Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae). American Museum novitates ; no. 2208(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1965) Emerson, Alfred Edwards, 1896-; Banks, Frank Albert."The structure, relationships, phylogeny, distribution, origin, nests, ecology, and associated termitophiles of the South American termite genus Labiotermes are described and discussed. Labiotermes labralis (Holmgren) and L. longilabius (Silvestri) are redescribed and figured. Labiotermes brevilabius, new species, from Brazil, and L. pelliceus, new species, from British Guiana, are described and figured. A map showing the localities for each species and a key to the known species of imagoes and soldiers are included"--P. 30.Item The neotropical genus Syntermes (Isoptera, Termitidae). Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 83, article 7(New York : [American Museum of Natural History], 1945) Emerson, Alfred Edwards, 1896-Item A new fossil species of termite from Mexican amber, Mastotermes electromexicus (Isoptera, Mastotermitidae). American Museum novitates ; no. 2767(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1983) Krishna, Kumar.; Emerson, Alfred Edwards, 1896-"A new fossil species of termite, Mastotermes electromexicus, is described from Upper Oligocene-Lower Miocene amber of Chiapas, Mexico. This is the first amber fossil of the family Mastotermitidae, the first fossil soldier of any termite species, and the first species of Mastotermes from the New World to be reported"--P. [1].Item New genera of termites related to Subulitermes from the Oriental, Malagasy, and Australian regions (Isoptera, Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae). American Museum novitates ; no. 1986(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1960) Emerson, Alfred Edwards, 1896-"The relative values of adaptive characters, non-adaptive characters, regressive characters, progressive characters, conservative characters, and rapidly evolving characters for phylogenetic interpretation are discussed. The diphyletic origin of the nasute soldier in the Nasutitermes branch and in the Subulitermes branch of the Nasutitermitinae (Termitidae) is indicated. After the origin of the nasute soldier with regressed mandibles in the Neotropical region in Cretaceous times, it is postulated that genera in both branches dispersed to the Oriental region and then to the Ethiopian and Malagasy regions on the one hand, and to the Australian region on the other. From these highly advanced termites, endemic genera evolved during Tertiary times in each major isolated zoogeographical region. New genera are named and described on the Subulitermes branch from species already described and named. All were formerly placed under other generic names. Following are the new genera and the new combinations of specific names: Leucopitermes, new genus from the Oriental region, includes the type species, Leucopitermes leucops (Holmgren), a new combination for Eutermes leucops Holmgren, which was also placed in the subgenus and genus Subulitermes. Part of the cotype specimens of Termes aciculatus Haviland are placed in synonymy with Leucopitermes leucops (Holmgren). Aciculitermes, new genus from the Oriental region, includes the type species, Aciculitermes aciculatus (Haviland), a new combination for Termes aciculatus Haviland later placed in Eutermes and Subulitermes. Ceylonitermellus, new genus from the Oriental region, includes the type species, Ceylonitermellus hantanae (Holmgren), a new combination for Eutermes hantanae Holmgren later placed in Subulitermes, and one other species, Ceylonitermellus kotuae (Bugnion), a new combination for Eutermes kotuae Bugnion later placed in Subulitermes. Oriensubulitermes, new genus from the Oriental region, includes the type species, Oriensubulitermes inanis (Haviland), a new combination for Termes inanis Haviland later placed in Eutermes and Subulitermes, and one other species, Oriensubulitermes inaniformis (Holmgren), a new combination for Eutermes inaniformis Holmgren also placed in Subulitermes. Malagasitermes, new genus from the Malagasy region, includes the type species, Malagasitermes milloti (Cachan), a new combination for Eutermes milloti Cachan. Occultitermes, new genus from the Australian region, includes the type species, Occultitermes occultus (Hill), a new combination for Mirotermes occultus Hill later placed in Eutermes and Subulitermes. Macrosubulitermes, new genus from the Australian region, includes the type species, Macrosubulitermes greavesi (Hill), a new combination for Eutermes greavesi Hill later placed in Subulitermes, and one other species, Macrosubulitermes perlevis (Hill), a new combination for Eutermes perlevis Hill later placed in Subulitermes. Australitermes, new genus from the Australian region, includes the type species, Australitermes dilucidus (Hill), a new combination for Eutermes dilucidus Hill later placed in Subulitermes. Nasutitermes undecimus (Kemner), a new combination for Subulitermes undecimus Kemner from Amboina, Moluccas, in the Papuan region was also tentatively placed in Leucopitermes (Emerson, 1955, p. 502)"--P. 25-26.Item New genera on the Subulitermes branch of the Nasutitermitinae from the Ethopian region (Isoptera, Termitidae). American Museum novitates ; no. 1987(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1960) Emerson, Alfred Edwards, 1896-"Four new genera and four new species of nasute termites on the Subulitermes branch of the subfamily Nasutitermitinae of the family Termitidae are described and figured from the rain-forest formation of the Belgian Congo: Verrucositermes, new genus, with V. tuberosus, new species, as the type species, is described from the imago, soldier, and worker castes. Afrosubulitermes, new genus, with A. congoensis, new species, as the type species, is described from the soldier and worker castes. Postsubulitermes, new genus, with P. parviconstrictus, new species, as the type species, is described from the imago, soldier, and worker castes. Tarditermes, new genus, with T. contracolor, new species, as the type species, is described from the imago and soldier castes. Trinervitermes hainesi (Fuller), new combination, is tentatively proposed for the species described by Fuller (1922, p. 115) under the name 'Subulitermes hainesi'"--P. 19-20.Item New species of the genus Glyptotermes Froggatt from the Papuan, Oriental, Ethiopian, and Neotropical regions (Isoptera, Kalotermitidae). American Museum novitates ; no. 2089(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1962) Krishna, Kumar.; Emerson, Alfred Edwards, 1896-Item New termites from the Indo-Malayan and Papuan regions. American Museum novitates ; no. 1342(New York City : The American Museum of Natural History, 1947) Ahmad, Muzaffer, 1920-; Emerson, Alfred Edwards, 1896-Item The problem of land connections across the South Atlantic, with special reference to the Mesozoic. Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 99, article 3(New York : [American Museum of Natural History], 1952) Mayr, Ernst, 1904-; Ewing, W. Maurice (William Maurice), 1906-; Bucher, Walter H. (Walter Herman), 1888-; Caster, Kenneth E.; Dunbar, Carl Owen, 1891-; Kay, Marshall, 1904-1975.; Simpson, George Gaylord, 1902-; Axelrod, Daniel I.; Just, Theodor.; Camp, Wendell Holmes, 1904-; Darlington, Philip Jackson, 1904-; Emerson, Alfred Edwards, 1896-; Schaeffer, Bobb, 1913-; Dunkle, David Hosbrook.; Colbert, Edwin Harris, 1905-; Romer, Alfred S.; Society for the Study of Evolution. Meeting (1949 : New York, N.Y.)Item The relations of a relict South African termite (Isoptera, Hodotermitidae, Stolotermes). American Museum novitates ; no. 1187(New York City : The American Museum of Natural History, 1942) Emerson, Alfred Edwards, 1896-; Kirby, Harold, 1900-; Day, M. F.Item A review of the Mastotermitidae (Isoptera), including a new fossil genus from Brazil. American Museum novitates ; no. 2236(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1965) Emerson, Alfred Edwards, 1896-"The nomenclature of the homologous veins and parts of the wings of the Mastotermitidae is reviewed and compared with that of the orthopteroid orders and with that of other families of the Isoptera. Uralotermes permianus Zalessky and the family Uralotermitidae from the Permian of Russia are removed from the Isoptera and tentatively assigned to the order Protorthoptera. Idomastotermes mysticus Haupt from the Eocene of Germany is removed from the family Mastotermitidae, but is insufficiently well known to be assigned to an order or family of insects. Diatermes sibiricus Martynov from the Oligocene of Siberia is kept in the Isoptera but is removed from the Mastotermitidae and not assigned to any other family. The Isoptera include six families, the Mastotermitidae, Kalotermitidae, Hodotermitidae, Rhinotermitidae, Serritermitidae, and Termitidae. The monotypic subfamily Serritermitinae Holmgren is raised to Serritermitidae, new family, with Serritermes serrifer (Hagen) from Brazil as type genus and species. The family Stylotermitidae Chatterjee and Thakur from India is placed in synonymy with the subfamily Stylotermitinae Holmgren of the family Rhinotermitidae. The family Mastotermitidae Silvestri, consisting of four genera, 13 fossil species, and one living species, is reviewed. The wing venation of each genus is redescribed and compared. Pliotermes Pongrácz is placed in synonymy with Mastotermes Froggatt. Spargotermes costalimai, new genus, new species, is described and figured from Miocene-Pliocene deposits, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The wing venation is the most primitive yet discovered in a termite. Blattotermes neoxenus Riek from the Eocene(?) of Queensland, and B. wheeleri (Collins) from the Eocene of Tennessee, are redescribed and compared. The phylogeny of an ecosystem focused around Mastotermes darwiniensis Froggatt, consisting of the host termite, a beetle (Staphylinidae), several species of flagellate protozoans, a spirochaete, and bacteria, is briefly discussed. Mastotermes bournemouthensis Rosen from the Eocene of England, M. anglicus Rosen from the Oligocene of England, with M. batheri Rosen placed in synonymy, M. heerii (Goeppert) from the Oligocene of Gerrnany, M. haidingeri (Heer) from the Miocene of Yugoslavia, with M. vetustus A. Pongrácz placed in synonymy, M. croaticus Rosen from the Miocene of Yugoslavia, with Pliotermes hungaricus S. Pongrácz placed in synonymy, and M. minor A. Pongrácz from the Miocene of Yugoslavia are each discussed and compared with other fossil species and with the single living species, Mastotermes darwiniensis Froggatt, from tropical Australia. The genus Miotermes is questioned as a valid genus but is tentatively placed in the Mastotermitidae. Miotermes procerus (Heer) from the Miocene of Yugoslavia, M. randeckensis Rosen from the Miocene of Germany, M. spectabilis (Heer) from the Miocene of Germany, and M. insignis (Heer) from the Miocene of Germany are compared and discussed. Maps of the world distribution of the fossil and living termites of the family Mastotermitidae are included"--P. 38-39.Item A revision of the fossil genus Ulmeriella (Isoptera, Hodotermitidae, Hodotermitinae). American Museum novitates ; no. 2332(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1968) Emerson, Alfred Edwards, 1896-"The fossil genus Ulmeriella is redescribed. Five species from temperate Tertiary deposits of Europe, Asia, and North America are included. Ulmeriella is considered to be the most primitive member of the Hodotermitinae and partially bridges the gap between the Termopsinae and Hodotermitinae within the family Hodotermitidae. Phylogenetic, biogeographical, and paleoecological interpretations are included. A brief discussion of the degree of variation and the limits of species among fossil termites is presented. Ulmeriella bauckhorni Meunier from upper Middle Oligocene beds, Rott, Germany, is redescribed and figured, and U. rottensis (Statz) is placed in synonymy. Ulmeriella cockerelli Martynov, known from a forewing from Upper Oligocene beds of Ashutas, Siberia, is discussed, and Diatermes sibiricus Martynov is placed in synonymy. Ulmeriella martynovi Zeuner, known from an imago from Lower Miocene beds of Biebrich, Germany, is discussed. Ulmeriella latahensis Snyder from Upper Miocene beds of Washington is redescribed. Ulmeriella willershausensis Weidner from Pliocene beds of Willershausen, Germany, is discussed"--P. 20.Item A revision of the Tertiary fossil species of the Kalotermitidae (Isoptera). American Museum novitates ; no. 2359(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1969) Emerson, Alfred Edwards, 1896-"Eight genera and 12 species of Tertiary fossil imago castes of termites of Kalotermitidae Froggatt of the order Isoptera are redescribed, or described from direct examination of specimens. The genera known from Tertiary fossils only are Eotermes Statz, Prokalotermes Emerson, Proelectrotermes Rosen, and Electrotermes Rosen. Genra that contain both living and fossil species are Neotermes Holmgren, Kalotermes Hagen, Calcaritermes Snyder, Incisitermes Krishna, and Cryptotermes Banks, of which fossil species are described for the first time in Calcaritermes and Incisitermes. The descriptions include Eotermes grandaeva Statz, Oligocene shales, West Germany; Prokalotermes hageni (Scudder), Miocene shales, Colorado; Proelectrotermes berendti (Pictet), Oligocene amber, Baltic Sea coasts, U.S.S.R. and Denmark; Proelectrotermes fodinae (Scudder), new combination for Parotermes fodinae Scudder, Miocene shales, Colorado; Electrotermes affinis (Hagen), Oligocene amber, Baltic Sea coasts, U.S.S.R. and Denmark; Electrotermes girardi (Giebel), Oligocene amber, Baltic Sea coasts, U.S.S.R.; Kalotermes rhenanus Hagen, Oligocene shales, West Germany; Kalotermes swinhoei (Cockerell), Miocene amber, Burma; Kalotermes tristis (Cockerell), Miocene amber, Burma; Calcaritermes vetus, new species, Oligocene-Miocene amber, Mexico; Incisitermes krishnai, new species, Oligocene-Miocene amber, Mexico; and Cryptotermes ryshkoffi Pierce, Miocene nodules in shale, California. Numerous new characters of both genera and species are described, and the nomenclature, synonymies, systematics, comparisons, phylogenies, geographical distributions, ecology, and evolution of the fossil genera and species are discussed. Figures of fossil species and maps of distribution of the genera Kalotermes, Calcaritermes, and Incisitermes are included. Four previously described fossil species of Neotermes and Kalotermes that were not available for direct examination are discussed"--P. 53.Item Six new genera of Termitinae from the Belgian Congo (Isoptera, Termitidae)(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1960) Emerson, Alfred Edwards, 1896-"Six new genera based on new species from the Belgian Congo are described and illustrated. The phylogenetic position of each genus is discussed. Nitiditermes, new genus, contains only the type species, N. berghei, new species, described from the imago, soldier, and worker castes. Mucrotermes, new genus, contains the type species, M. osborni, new species, described from the soldier and worker castes, and also includes M. heterochilus (Silvestri), new combination, originally placed in the genus Procubitermes, and described by Silvestri from the soldier and worker castes collected in Dahomey. Furculitermes, new genus, contains the type species, F. winifredae, new species, described from the imago, soldier, and worker castes, and seven additional species. Furculitermes hendrickxi, new species, is described from the soldier caste; F. brevilabius, new species, is described from the imago and soldier castes; F. cubitalis, new species, is described from the soldier caste; F. soyeri, new species, is described from the soldier caste; F. parviceps, new species, is described from the soldier caste; F. longilabius, new species, is described from the soldier caste; and F. brevimalatus, new species, is described from the soldier caste. Pilotermes, new genus, contains only the type species, P. langi, new species, described from the imago and soldier castes. Profastigitermes, new genus, contains only the type species, P. putnami, new species, described from the soldier caste. Forficulitermes, new genus, contains only the type species, F. planifrons, new species, described from the soldier and worker castes. An imago described by Sjöstedt (1911) under the name 'Eutermes jucundus' and later placed in the genus Fastigitermes, is separated from the soldier and worker castes and transferred to Anoplotermes sp. Two species based on the soldier castes were described by Williams (1954) under the names 'Procubitermes goliathi' and 'Procubitermes planifacies.' These are now transferred to Lepidotermes goliathi (Williams), new combination, and Lepidotermes planifacies (Williams), new combination. The genus Procubitermes Silvestri is restricted to five described species, the type species, P. arboricola (Sjöstedt), and four additional species, P. sjöstedti (von Rosen), P. ueleensis Sjöstedt, P. niapuensis Emerson, and P. undulans Schmitz"--P. 47-48.Item The termite family Serritermitidae (Isoptera). American Museum novitates ; no. 2570(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1975) Emerson, Alfred Edwards, 1896-; Krishna, Kumar."The monotypic termite family Serritermitidae Holmgren and Serritermes serrifer (Hagen and Bates) from Brazil are described and figured, with synonymies and bibliography. The imago, soldier, worker, and nymph are compared with all other families of Isoptera and related genera. New characters of Glossotermes Emerson and Macrorhinotermes Holmgren are given. Primitive and derivative, homologous and analogous characters and their use for phylogenetic and evolutionary inference are discussed in detail. External anatomy, glands, intestines, biogeography, ecology, nests, food, and the coevolution of termites and intestinal zooflagellates are discussed. Also included are hypotheses on the phylogeny of all termite familes including Serritermitidae, genetic persistence and change in Isoptera during 200 million years, and the natural selection of unitary social populations. Hypotheses on the Mesozoic origin of termite families are presented, based upon paleogeography, continental drift, and comparative morphology of living and fossil genera"--P. [1].Item Termites of the Belgian Congo and the Cameroon. Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 57, article 7.(New York : Published by order of the Trustees, American Museum of Natural History, 1928) Emerson, Alfred Edwards, 1896-; Lang, Herbert, 1879-1957.; Chapin, James Paul, 1889-1964.; Bequaert, Joseph C. (Joseph Charles), b. 1886.; American Museum Congo Expedition (1909-1915)