Browsing by Author "Breder, Charles M. (Charles Marcus), 1897-"

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Amphibians and reptiles of the Rio Chucunaque drainage, Darien, Panama, with notes on their life histories and habits. Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 86, article 8
(New York : [American Museum of Natural History], 1946) Breder, Charles M. (Charles Marcus), 1897-; Marsh-Darien Expedition (1924)
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An analysis of the geometry of symmetry with especial reference to the squamation of fishes. Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 88, article 6
(New York : [American Museum of Natural History], 1947) Breder, Charles M. (Charles Marcus), 1897-
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An annotated list of fishes from Lake Forsyth, Andros Island, Bahamas, with the descriptions of three new forms. American Museum novitates ; no. 551
(New York City : The American Museum of Natural History, 1932) Breder, Charles M. (Charles Marcus), 1897-; Bacon-Miner Andros Expedition (1930-1932)
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Certain effects in the habits of schooling fishes, as based on the observation of Jenkinsia. American Museum novitates ; no. 382
(New York City : American Museum of Natural History, 1929) Breder, Charles M. (Charles Marcus), 1897-
"1. Jenkinsia will not normally approach a dark, solid object closer than a certain distance, which is probably equal to its limit of visibility. 2. Schools of Jenkinsia, with their vacuities over and around solid objects, are interpreted in the mechanical terms of a positive mutual attraction of the fish for each other and a common negative reaction toward any other, generally dark, body. 3. It is possible that these effects might be reduced to different aspects of the same reaction. 4. Further study should throw light on the reactions of some pelagic fishes to larger objects in motion as well as the apparently 'intelligent' rounding up by larger fishes of schools, reducing them to purely mechanical performances which would be, nevertheless, useful"--P. 5.
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Comparative studies in the light sensitivity of blind characins from a series of Mexican caves. Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 89, article 5
(New York : [American Museum of Natural History], 1947) Breder, Charles M. (Charles Marcus), 1897-; Rasquin, Priscilla.
"One. Five caves in a Mexican valley in the state of San Luis Potosi contain related blind characins differing slightly in morphology and reactivity to light. 2. The deriving river form and the blind cave forms still somewhat pigmented near the river connection are light negative, while the unpigmented are light positive. 3. The unpigmented forms in the cave nearest the river became light negative after having been kept in light for a time, concomitantly developing a heavy layer of guanine, and some of those from the next cave in a similar manner developed melanophores, while those from the remaining three caves showed no such changes in behavior or pigmentation following exposure to light. 4. The phototaxis exhibited, either positive or negative, is mediated through the remnant optic cyst, since both types become light indifferent on removal of the cysts. However, some fish in all the more advanced populations are light indifferent and have no nervous connection between the cyst and the brain. 5. The sign of the phototaxis is determined by whether the pineal complex is exposed to light or not, the fish in which it is exposed being light positive. Thus with the elimination of pigmentation and the reduction of other overlying tissues, these fishes, in an evolutionary sense, pass from a condition of being light negative to that of being light positive. 6. The sign of the light reaction may be reversed experimentally by covering the normally exposed pineal area or exposing the normally covered area in the two types of fishes. 7. Hybrids between light positive and light negative fishes are found to be intermediate in morphology and reactivity to light. 8. All these fishes have a secondary 'pineal opening,' which is well covered with pigment and guanine in the river fish and the less advanced cave forms. However, these structures are progressively reduced in the more advanced cave forms, thus accounting for the exposed area. 9. Genetic and morphologic data suggest that these populations worked up the now dry valley under ground and did not simply 'sink' into the ground from local surface populations when the caves were formed to develop independent but parallel blind fish populations. 10. The survival value of a light negative reaction of blind fishes near a cave outlet is obvious, and it would appear that the reversal of sign in the more advanced forms can be tolerated only because it occurs in caves too remote from surface outlets to permit the fishes from draining out into an unsuitable lighted environment"--P. 349.
Open Access
A contribution to the visceral anatomy, development, and relationships of the Plectognathi. Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 88, article 5
(New York : [American Museum of Natural History], 1947) Breder, Charles M. (Charles Marcus), 1897-; Clark, Eugenie.
"One. The gross morphology of digestive tracts of all the suborders of the Plectognathi are described from representatives, with especial reference to the development of the mechanism of inflation. 2. The structure and operation of the inflation mechanism are discussed in detail. 3. The capacity for inflation of Spheroides maculatus is shown to vary directly with the length of the fish and to be proportional to the volume of a sphere, the diameter of which is 61 per cent of the standard length. 4. The comparative ontogeny of the various groups is discussed. 5. The ontogeny of Acanthostracion quadricornis is described and figured and shown to resemble that of the Gymnodontes more closely than that of the Sclerodermi. 6. The phylogeny of the Plectognathi is discussed in its broader aspects"--P. 317.
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The development of the urostyle in Umbra pygmaea (De Kay). American Museum novitates ; no. 610
(New York City : The American Museum of Natural History, 1934) Breder, Charles M. (Charles Marcus), 1897-
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The fishes of the Rio Chucunaque drainage, eastern Panama. Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 57, article 3.
(New York : Published by order of the Trustees, American Museum of Natural History, 1927) Breder, Charles M. (Charles Marcus), 1897-; Marsh-Darien Expedition (1924)
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A key to Atlantic species of the genus Cypselurus, with a new flying-fish from the Cleveland Museum's 'Blossom' Expedition / by J.T. Nichols and C.M. Breder, Jr. American Museum novitates ; no. 428
(New York City : American Museum of Natural History, 1930) Nichols, John T. (John Treadwell), 1883-1958.; Breder, Charles M. (Charles Marcus), 1897-
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Marine mollusks collected during the "Askoy" Expedition to Panama, Colombia, and Ecuador in 1941. Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 107, article 2
(New York : [American Museum of Natural History], 1955) Hertlein, Leo George, 1898-1972.; Strong, A. M.; Murphy, Robert Cushman, 1887-; Breder, Charles M. (Charles Marcus), 1897-; Askoy (Schooner); Askoy Expedition (1941-1945)
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A new "two-winged" flying-fish from Mauritius. American Museum novitates ; no. 561
(New York City : The American Museum of Natural History, 1932) Nichols, John T. (John Treadwell), 1883-1958.; Breder, Charles M. (Charles Marcus), 1897-
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A new Gambusia from Andros Island, Bahamas. American Museum novitates ; no. 719
(New York City : The American Museum of Natural History, 1934) Breder, Charles M. (Charles Marcus), 1897-
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New loricariate, characin, and poeciliid fishes from the Rio Chucunaque, Panama. American Museum novitates ; no. 180
(New York City : American Museum of Natural History, 1925) Breder, Charles M. (Charles Marcus), 1897-; Marsh-Darien Expedition (1924)
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New Pacific flying-fishes collected by Templeton Crocker. American Museum novitates ; no. 821
(New York City : The American Museum of Natural History, 1935) Nichols, John T. (John Treadwell), 1883-1958.; Breder, Charles M. (Charles Marcus), 1897-; Crocker, Templeton, 1884-1948.; Zaca (Yacht); Templeton Crocker Pacific Expedition 1934-1935)
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A new toadfish from Colon, Panama. American Museum novitates ; no. 188
(New York City : American Museum of Natural History, 1925) Breder, Charles M. (Charles Marcus), 1897-; Marsh-Darien Expedition (1924)
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Observations on coloration in reference to behavior in tide-pool and other marine shore fishes. Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 92, article 5
(New York : [American Museum of Natural History], 1948) Breder, Charles M. (Charles Marcus), 1897-; Lerner Marine Laboratory.
"One. Regular inhabitants of Bahama tide pools maintain their residence for long periods, extending at least between drying on successive spring tides. 2. Peck-order hierarchies of some stability are established in these tide pools which are interspecific and evidently depend to a considerable extent on size and darkness of coloration. 3. The contents of such tide pools may be divided into typical species which are dominant and show specializations associated with tide-pool life, casual species which are less abundant and show no obvious tide-pool specialization but are well accommodated to them, and accidental species which are rare and evidently not suited to such places in which they are apparently occasionally trapped. 4. Species in the area studied which are here considered as typical include Bathygobius soporator and Salarichthys textilis; those considered as casual include the young of Eupomacentrus leucostictus, E. adustus, Abudefduf analogus, and A. saxatilis; while those considered as accidental include Jenkinsia lamprotaenia, the young of Mugil trichodon, Eucinostomus gula, Eques pulcher, Pomacanthus aureus, Acanthurus hepatus, and Thalassoma bifasciatum. 5. In addition to respiratory specializations and the ability to leave a given pool and move overland, the typical species are able to and do match the bottom on which they rest to a remarkable degree, while the casuals in no case show such adjustments, their bright colors making them conspicuous to a notable extent. 6. The typical species are strictly carnivorous and prey to some slight extent on the casuals, but the latter as well as the accidentals are all non-predatory, subsisting on such vegetable and animal matter as they may obtain by picking at growths on the substrate or grubbing in the sand. 7. The typical tide-pool species, and Eupomacentrus among the casuals, spend much time going in and out of cavities such as empty shells, the former both day and night while the latter spend the entire night hidden in such places. All the rest spend the night resting in open places, with the exception of Thalassoma which evidently spends the night under cover. 8. Both Eucinostomus gula and young Sphyraena barracuda inhabit open, shallow, sandy beaches and show a bottom-matching mottling over mottled bottom, but become plain and also bottom matching over clean sand with the exception of certain fin tips which become intensely black. 9. The fact that the black pupil of the eye cannot be faded suggests that the fin tip is in some way connected with this fact in reference to recognition or confusion. 10. Other fishes of these same clean beach areas that show similar black-and-white patterns, involving only the fin tips, include, besides the above, adult Mugil trichodon and young Trachinotus palometa. 11. Both young and adult of Chaetodipterus faber, in the very clear water of this region (in contrast to their chromatic behavior in places of greater turbidity), when on clear stretches of sand show their blackest phase and recline on one side, resembling a piece of inert trash, but when in the area of a dock right themselves and hide among the piles with their boldest pattern of black-and-white vertical bars. 12. Since the more usual background-matching behavior of other fishes makes it possible only for blind fish to show their darkest phase when in light on a light background, it follows that the visual-hormonal control of melanophores in Chaetodipterus must operate in a different manner. 13. The fish Astrapogon, inquiline in Strombus gigas, shows an approximately equal infestation of this mollusk irrespective of the concentration of the latter, but only in inside sheltered waters, and it is evidently absent from the relatively unsheltered Strombus samba. About one Strombus in 12 was found to be inhabited by an Astrapogon in sheltered places. 14. The spawning season of Astrapogon begins in August in this region"--P. 309.
Open Access
Observations on the occurrence and attributes of pentagonal symmetry. Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 106, article 3
(New York : [American Museum of Natural History], 1955) Breder, Charles M. (Charles Marcus), 1897-
Open Access
On the relationship of social behavior to pigmentation in tropical shore fishes. Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 94, article 2
(New York : [American Museum of Natural History], 1949) Breder, Charles M. (Charles Marcus), 1897-; Lerner Marine Laboratory.
"One. The possible reactions open to fishes in regard to attack, feeding needs, social behavior, pigmentation, time, and space may be conveniently tabulated in thoretical terms. 2. The actual reactions observed in a variety of fishes compared with the theoretical tabulation show that illustrations filling nearly every category exist. 3. Included in such illustrative material are new data on the pigmentary and associated behavioral reactions of Manta, Strongylura, Hippocampus, Hepsetia, Sphyraena, Coryphaena, Apogonichthys, Pomacentrus, Abudefduf, Halichoeres, Thalassoma, Holocentrus, Bathygobius, Gnatholepis, Stathmonotus, Canthigaster, Histrio, Antennarius, and Ogcocephalus. 4. These data indicate that study in greater and more exact detail must be made of the total behavior of a given species in reference to its pigmentary changes before any clear picture can be had of the full significance of the activity of the pigmentary system. 5. A scheme for representing the relationships between various factors in the survival of organisms, covering cases where pairs of factors are supplementary and cases where they are opposed, is found convenient when discussing their various reactive patterns"--P. 104.
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A report on the Hemiptera Heteroptera from the Bimini Islands, Bahamas, British West Indies. American Museum novitates ; no. 1682
(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1954) Barber, Harry Gardner, b. 1871.; Breder, Charles M. (Charles Marcus), 1897-; Cazier, Mont A.; Gertsch, Willis John, 1906-; Rindge, Frederick H.; Vaurie, Charles.; Vaurie, Patricia.; Oliver, James Arthur, 1914-
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Reproduction and eggs of Pomacentrus leucoris Gilbert. American Museum novitates ; no. 612
(New York City : The American Museum of Natural History, 1933) Breder, Charles M. (Charles Marcus), 1897-; Coates, Christopher W. (Christopher William); New York Aquarium.