Browsing by Author "Bonaldo, Alexandre B."
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Item Basibulbus, a hard-bodied, haplogyne spider genus from Chile (Araneae, Dysderoidea). (American Museum novitates, no. 3775)(American Museum of Natural History., 2013-05-29) Ott, Ricardo.; Platnick, Norman I.; Berniker, Lily.; Bonaldo, Alexandre B.; Goblin Spider Planetary Biodiversity Inventory.A new genus, Basibulbus, is established to contain some seldom-collected, hard-bodied, haplogyne spiders from Chile. Because of their small size and the heavily scutate abdomen of males, these animals resemble gamasomorphine goblin spiders (Oonopidae), but differ in having a heavily sclerotized sperm duct within the male palp and a normal sperm opening in the epigastric furrow. Their tarsal organs lack both the longitudinal ridge and the serial dimorphism in raised receptor number that are considered synapomorphic for oonopids, but are elevated (albeit only at their proximal end), and the genus is therefore assigned to the Orsolobidae. Three new species are described: B. malleco (the type species) and B. concepcion from central Chile (regions VIII and IX), and B. granizo from further north (Region V). Only one other hard-bodied orsolobid genus has been described (Duripelta Forster from New Zealand); Basibulbus does not seem to be closely related to that genus, and represents another in the long list of relictual, phylogenetically significant, Chilean spider taxa. One of the possible synapomorphies of dysderoids, an oblique unsclerotized strip on the base of the anterior lateral spinnerets (which has been lost in higher gamasomorphines) has apparently been lost independently within Basibulbus. That character is present in B. granizo but absent in at least B. malleco.Item The Brazilian goblin spiders of the new genus Guaraguaoonops (Araneae, Oonopidae). (American Museum novitates, no. 3735)(American Museum of Natural History., 2012-02-29) Brescovit, Antonio D.; Rheims, Cristina A.; Bonaldo, Alexandre B.; Santos, Adalberto J.; Ott, Ricardo.A new endemic goblin spider genus Guaraguaoonops is erected to include two new soft-bodied oonopid species from Brazil: the type species, G. hemhem, distributed in the states of Maranhão, Piauí, and Ceará, and G. humbom, known only from Piauí. These spiders are unique among oonopids and easily diagnosed by the flattened carapace with a porrect clypeus, modified lateral setae on the carapace in both sexes, and male with a sinuous, flattened distal cheliceral projection and palp with ventral conical tegular projection. These species probably occupy a soil cryptic habit and are found in dry sand of "cerrado" areas in northeastern Brazil.Item The Brazilian goblin spiders of the new genus Predatoroonops (Araneae, Oonopidae). (Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 370)(American Museum of Natural History., 2012-06-21) Brescovit, Antonio D.; Bonaldo, Alexandre B.; Santos, Adalberto J.; Ott, Ricardo.; Rheims, Cristina A.The new endemic goblin spider genus Predatoroonops is erected for 17 new soft-bodied oonopid species from Brazil: Predatoroonops schwarzeneggeri, sp. nov., is the type species of the genus, P. poncho, sp. nov., P. billy, sp. nov., P. valverde, sp. nov., P. blain, sp. nov., P. maceliot, sp. nov., P. anna, sp. nov., P. rickhawkins, sp. nov., P. dutch, sp. nov., P. dillon, sp. nov., P. vallarta, sp. nov., P. phillips, sp. nov., P. yautja, sp. nov., P. peterharlli, sp. nov., P. mctiernani, sp. nov., P. chicano, sp. nov., and P. olddemon, sp. nov. Males of this new genus are easily diagnosed and separated from other Oonopinae genera by the extremely modified male chelicerae that frontally have median furrows and accentuated projections. The females can be recognized by the genitalia, which have a conspicuous posterior receptaculum, usually exposed between the epigastric folds. An auxiliary character for both sexes could be the presence of very long pairs of ventral spines with pronounced bases on the legs I and II tibiae and metatarsi. The genus is considered endemic and the species are recorded mainly from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. An identification key is provided for all Predatoroonops species known to date.Item The goblin spider genera Prodysderina, Aschnaoonops, and Bidysderina (Araneae, Oonopidae). (Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 373)(American Museum of Natural History., 2013-02-13) Platnick, Norman I.; Dupérré, N. (Nadine); Berniker, Lily.; Bonaldo, Alexandre B.A new genus, Prodysderina, is established for a group of Neotropical oonopids belonging to the Dysderina complex and characterized by having a laterally incised, tuberculate, but unridged sternum, a groove connecting the posterior (but not the anterior) spiracles, and a male embolus with an elongated distal prong and a reduced proximal prong. Dysderina armata Simon is transferred to Prodysderina and selected as the type species; eight new species are described from Venezuela (P. megarmata, P. rollardae, P. janetae) and Colombia (P. piedecuesta, P. rasgon, P. santander, P. filandia, P. otun). The genus Aschnaoonops contains species that resemble those of Prodysderina but have a twisted (and usually basally widened) embolus in males, and a reduced genital atrium in females. That genus occurs in the Andes from Peru north to Colombia, east across northern South America, and north into the West Indies. Dysderina similis (Keyserling) and D. propinqua (Keyserling) from Colombia, and D. simla Chickering from Trinidad, are transferred to Aschnaoonops, and females of the two Keyserling species are described for the first time. One new species, A. silvae, has been taken by canopy fogging and appears to be widespread in the Amazonian portions of Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia. A total of 36 other new, ground-dwelling, microdistributed species are described: A. yasuni, A. tiputini, A. cosanga, A. ramirezi, A. jatun, and A. marshalli from Ecuador, A. leticia, A. orito, A. pira, A. paez, A. huila, A. meta, A. alban, A. chingaza, A. pamplona, A. pedro, and A. marta from Colombia, A. chorro, A. indio, A. tachira, A. tariba, A. teleferico, A. jaji, A. merida, A. aquada, A. masneri, A. trujillo, A. cristalina, A. bocono, A. simoni, and A. margaretae from Venezuela, A. malkini, A. caninde, and A. belem from Brazil, A. villalba from Puerto Rico, and A. gorda from the Virgin Islands. Another new genus, Bidysderina, is established for a group of species resembling those above in sternal structure but having differently constructed male palps; five new species (B. perdido, B. bifida, B. niarchos, B. wagra, B. cayambe) are described from Napo province, Ecuador.Item High resolution images for Simlops, a new genus of goblin spiders (Araneae, Oonopidae) from northern South America. (Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 388)(2014-05-15) Bonaldo, Alexandre B.; Ruiz, Gustavo R. S.; Brescovit, Antonio D.; Santos, Adalberto J.; Ott, Ricardo.; Goblin Spider Planetary Biodiversity InventoryHigh resolution images for Simlops, a new genus of goblin spiders (Araneae, Oonopidae) from northern South America. (Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 388). Bulletin no. 388 can be accessed at this link: http://hdl.handle.net/2246/6527Item A revision of the neotropical goblin spider genus Neoxyphinus Birabén, 1953 (Araneae, Oonopidae). (American Museum novitates, no. 3743)(American Museum of Natural History., 2012-05-16) Abrahim, Naiara.; Brescovit, Antonio D.; Rheims, Cristina A.; Santos, Adalberto J.; Ott, Ricardo.; Bonaldo, Alexandre B.; Goblin Spider Planetary Biodiversity Inventory.The Neotropical spider genus Neoxyphinus Birabén, 1953, is revised, comprising 10 species found from the West Indies to northern Argentina. The genus is characterized by a unique combination of characters, which include the presence of a set of low tubercles or large spikes on the posterior surface of carapace; male endites with an apical, retrolateral excavation bearing a subapical toothlike apophysis; palpal bulb strongly inflated; embolus compact, S-shaped, with large, round ejaculatory opening; epigynal atrium large, with angular lateral corners. The large, round ejaculatory duct may be a synapomorphy of the genus. The genus Hawkeswoodoonops Makhan and Ezzatpanah, 2011, is synonymized with Neoxyphinus and the two species included in that genus are considered as nomina dubia. The monotypic genus Decuana Dumitrescu and Georgescu, 1987, is also synonymized with Neoxyphinus and its type species, D. hispida Dumitrescu and Georgescu, 1987, is transferred to the genus and redescribed. Confirming a hypothesis raised in the literature, Dysderina termitophila Bristowe, 1938, is transferred to Neoxyphinus and recognized as the senior synonym of the type species N. ogloblini Birabén, 1953. Two other species are transferred from Dysderina to Neoxyphinus: D. keyserlingi Simon, 1907, here recognized as the senior synonym of D. rugosa Bristowe, 1938, and D. furtiva Chickering, 1968, of which the male is described for the first time. In addition to the redescription of N. termitophilus, n. comb., N. hispidus, n. comb., N. xyphinoides (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1942), N. keyserlingi, n. comb., and N. furtivus, n. comb., five new species are described: N. petrogoblin Abrahim and Ott, from the Amazon basin in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru; N. gregoblin Abrahim and Santos, from Venezuela; N. axe Abrahim and Brescovit, from Bahia, Brazil; N. boibumba Abrahim and Rheims, from Pará, Brazil; and N. barreirosi Abrahim and Bonaldo, from Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, and Venezuela. With the exception of N. boibumba, known only from males, all new species are described from both sexes.Item Simlops, a new genus of goblin spiders (Araneae, Oonopidae) from northern South America. (Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 388)(American Museum of Natural History., 2014-05-14) Bonaldo, Alexandre B.; Ruiz, Gustavo R. S.; Brescovit, Antonio D.; Santos, Adalberto J.; Ott, Ricardo.; Goblin Spider Planetary Biodiversity Inventory.A new genus of goblin spiders, Simlops, is proposed for 15 species found in Brazilian and Colombian Amazonia and southern Caribbean (Venezuela and Guyana). The new genus belongs to the Scaphiella complex, a group of Neotropical genera that share a sexually dimorphic condition in which the abdominal dorsal scutum is present in males but absent in females. Simlops is hypothesized to be a monophyletic group united by a unique conformation of the male endites, which present three apical portions, a prolateral, curved process, with laminar apices, a retrolateral process and a median, more dorsal, unsclerotized portion. The species Triaeris bodanus Chickering, 1968, is transferred to Simlops and the female of this species is described for the first time. The remaining 14 species are newly described: S. bandeirante Ott, S. cristinae Santos, S. campinarana Brescovit, S. jamesbondi Bonaldo, S. juruti Bonaldo, S. machadoi Ott, S. miudo Ruiz, S. nadinae Ruiz, S. pennai Bonaldo (type species), S. platnicki Bonaldo, and S. similis Ott, all from Brazilian Amazonia; S. cachorro Ruiz from Colombian Amazonia; S. guatopo Brescovit from Venezuela; and S. guyanensis Santos from Guyana.Item The South American goblin spider genera Dysderina and Tridysderina (Araneae, Oonopidae). (American Museum novitates, no. 3772)(American Museum of Natural History., 2013-03-25) Platnick, Norman I.; Berniker, Lily.; Bonaldo, Alexandre B.; Goblin Spider Planetary Biodiversity Inventory.The goblin spider genus Dysderina Simon is relimited to include only those members of the Dysderina complex that have three pairs of deep, steeply sided excavations extending from the sides of the sternum toward the midline; two species groups are recognized. The principalis group contains those species whose members have strong, transverse ridges connecting the posterior edges of each pair of sternal excavations, including the type species, D. principalis (Keyserling) from Colombia (the female of which is described for the first time), plus seven new species from Colombia (D. sasaima, D. cunday, D. amaca) and Ecuador (D. sacha, D. erwini, D. baehrae, D. excavata). The tiputini group contains species whose members lack transverse sternal ridges, and includes five new species from Ecuador (D. tiputini), Colombia (D. ayo, D. matamata, D. craigi), and Brazilian Amazonia (D. urucu). A new genus, Tridysderina, is established for a group of species whose members have a flat, smooth sternum with one or two transverse ridges at the level of coxae II and III, but without a transverse ridge at the level of coxa IV; the genus includes six new species from Ecuador (T. yasuni, T. jatun, T. galeras, T. archidona, T. tena, T. bellavista).Item The South American goblin spiders of the new genera Pseudodysderina and Tinadysderina (Araneae, Oonopidae). (American Museum novitates, no. 3787)(American Museum of Natural History., 2013-11-08) Platnick, Norman I.; Berniker, Lily.; Bonaldo, Alexandre B.; Goblin Spider Planetary Biodiversity Inventory.A new genus, Pseudodysderina, is established for a group of species that resemble those of Dysderina Simon in having grooves connecting both the anterior and posterior spiracles. These spiders have transverse ridges on the sternum but lack the sternal excavations that characterize Dysderina and are instead united by the highly modified mouthparts of males: the labium is greatly enlarged, with a dorsoventrally flat, posterior portion that extends far posterior of the anterolateral corners of the sternum, and the endites are each deeply excavated, medially around the sides of the labium and laterally around the base of the palpal trochanter. Dysderina desultrix (Keyserling), from Peru, is transferred to Pseudodysderina and chosen as the type species; its male is described for the first time. This species has been taken by canopy fogging and beating foliage as well as in leaf litter, and appears to be widespread in the Amazonian portions of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil. Seven more narrowly distributed new species are described from Peru (P. manu), Bolivia (P. yungas, P. beni), Ecuador (P. hermani), Colombia (P. suiza, P. dracula), and Brazil (P. utinga). The six new species assigned to the new genus Tinadysderina resemble those of Dysderina and Pseudodysderina, but have a much smaller, simpler, weakly sclerotized embolus; they are known only from the western slopes of the Andes in Ecuador (T. tinalandia, T. otonga) and Colombia (T. planada, T. gorgona, T. bremen, T. pereira).Item Tarsal organ morphology and the phylogeny of goblin spiders (Araneae, Oonopidae), with notes on basal genera. (American Museum novitates, no. 3736)(American Museum of Natural History., 2012-02-29) Platnick, Norman I.; Abrahim, Naiara.; Alvarez-Padilla, Fernando.; Andriamalala, Daniela.; Baehr, Barbara, 1953-; Baert, L.; Bonaldo, Alexandre B.; Brescovit, Antonio D.; Chousou-Polydouri, Natalia.; Dupérré, N. (Nadine); Eichenberger, Beata.; Fannes, Wouter.; Gaublomme, Eva.; Gillespie, Rosemary G., 1957-; Grismado, Cristian J.; Griswold, Charles E.; Harvey, Mark S.; Henrard, Arnaud.; Hormiga, Gustavo.; Izquierdo, Matías A.; Jocqué, R.; Kranz-Baltensperger, Yvonne.; Kropf, Christian.; Ott, Ricardo.; Ramírez, Martín J.; Raven, Robert J.; Rheims, Cristina A.; Ruiz, Gustavo R. S.; Santos, Adalberto J.; Saucedo, Alma D.; Sierwald, Petra.; Szűts, Tamás.; Ubick, Darrell.; Wang, Xin-Ping.Based on a survey of a wide variety of oonopid genera and outgroups, we hypothesize new synapomorphies uniting the Oonopidae (minus the South African genus Calculus Purcell, which is transferred to the Orsolobidae). The groundplan of the tarsal organ in Oonopidae is hypothesized to be an exposed organ with a distinctive, longitudinal ridge originating from the proximal end of the organ, and a serially dimorphic pattern of 4-4-3-3 raised receptors on legs I-IV, respectively. Such organs typify the diverse, basal, and ancient genus Orchestina Simon. Several other genera whose members resemble Orchestina in retaining two plesiomorphic features (an H-shaped, transverse eye arrangement and a heavily sclerotized, thick-walled sperm duct within the male palp) are united by having tarsal organs that are partly (in the case of Cortestina Knoflach) or fully capsulate (in the case of Sulsula Simon, Xiombarg Brignoli, and Unicorn Platnick and Brescovit). The remaining oonopids are united by the loss of the heavily sclerotized palpal sperm duct, presumably reflecting a significant transformation in palpal mechanics. Within that large assemblage, a 4-4-3-3 tarsal organ receptor pattern and an H-shaped eye arrangement seem to be retained only in the New Zealand genus Kapitia Forster; the remaining genera are apparently united by a reduction in the tarsal organ pattern to 3-3-2-2 raised receptors on legs I-IV and by the acquisition of a clumped eye arrangement. Three subfamilies of oonopids are recognized: Orchestininae Chamberlin and Ivie (containing only Orchestina; Ferchestina Saaristo and Marusik is placed as a junior synonym of Orchestina), Sulsulinae, new subfamily (containing Sulsula, Xiombarg, Unicorn, and Cortestina), and Oonopinae Simon (containing all the remaining genera, including those previously placed in the Gamasomorphinae). The type species of Sulsula and Kapitia, S. pauper (O. P.-Cambridge) and K. obscura Forster, are redescribed, and the female of S. pauper is described for the first time. A new sulsuline genus, Dalmasula, is established for Sulsula parvimana Simon and four new species from Namibia and South Africa.