Browsing by Author "Liebherr, James Kenneth."
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Item Phylogeny and revision of the Anchomenus clade : the genera Tetraleucus, Anchomenus, Sericoda, and Elliptoleus (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Platynini). Bulletin of the AMNH ; no. 202([New York] : American Museum of Natural History, 1991) Liebherr, James Kenneth."Taxa comprising the Anchomenus clade within the carabid tribe Platynini, subtribe Platyni, possess the synapomorphy of a female spermatheca with a basal reservoir and a long apical filament. As presently constituted, this clade comprises 29 species arrayed in four genera; the monotypic Tetraleucus Casey in eastern North America, the Holarctic Anchomenus Bonelli with 10 species, the Holarctic Sericoda Kirby with 7 species, and the Mexican Elliptoleus Bates with 11 species. Seven species are newly described; Anchomenus capensis, n. sp. from Baja California Sur, Sericoda montana, n. sp. from Cuba, Elliptoleus corvus, n. sp. from México state, Elliptoleus zapotecorum, n. sp. from Oaxaca, Elliptoleus whiteheadi, n. sp. from Guerrero, Elliptoleus balli, n. sp. from Jalisco and Michoacan, and Elliptoleus tequilae, n. sp. from Jalisco. New combinations proposed include: Tetraleucus picticornis Newman (removed from Agonum Bonelli); Anchomenus virescens Motschulsky (removed from Chlaeniomimus Semenow, 1889, as that generic name is a new synonym of Anchomenus Bonelli, 1810); Anchomenus yukihikoi (removed from Agonum (Nipponanchus) Habu, 1978, as that subgeneric name is a new synonym of Anchomenus); Sericoda ceylonica (removed from Agonum Bonelli), and Sericoda lissoptera (removed from Anchomenus Bonelli). Species-level names placed into synonymy within Anchomenus, followed by their respective senior synonyms, include: Dohrni diana Sahlberg = dohrnii Fairmaire, discophorus Chaudoir = dorsalis Pontoppidan, cyaneus asturicus Heinz = cyaneus Dejean, gracilicollis Jakowleff = virescens Motschulsky. Batenus? borealis Motschulsky is removed from synonymy under Sericoda bogemannii, and is recognized as a junior synonym of Agonum consimile Gyllenhal. Lectotypes are designated for Anchomenus dohrnii diana Sahlberg, Anchomenus virescens Motschulsky, A. leucopus Bates, A. funebris LeConte, Sericoda lissoptera Chaudoir, S. ceylonica Motschulsky, Elliptoleus acutesculptus Bates, E. olisthopoides Bates, E. curtulus Bates, E. vixstriatus Bates, E. luteipes Csiki, and E. crepericornis Bates. A cladistic hypothesis of the phylogenetic relationships among the species is formulated based on 65 potential synapomorphies of adults, represented by 54 characters. The genera Sericoda and Elliptoleus are hypothesized as sister genera, with Anchomenus their sister group. Tetraleucus is the outgroup for the rest of the clade. The amount of character evolution is heterogeneous across the clade, with significantly less anagenetic change per internode of the cladogram within Elliptoleus compared to its sister group Sericoda. Elliptoleus species possess limited powers of dispersal and exhibit very restricted geographic ranges, whereas Sericoda species readily fly and possess some of the largest geographic ranges observed within Carabidae. Thus, relatively less anagenetic change is associated with speciation in the less vagile more endemic Elliptoleus, and extensive anagenesis occurs during the history of the vagile, widespread Sericoda species. First-instar larvae of 6 of the 29 species are described, and a cladistic hypothesis of relationships based on six larval characters is proposed. This hypothesis supports the monophyly of the sister genera Sericoda and Elliptoleus, but is otherwise discordant with the cladistic hypothesis based on adult characters. Autapomorphies of the first-instar larvae of the six taxa are listed in order to facilitate comparison of derived states in newly discovered larvae. The biogeographic patterns within the individual genera are analyzed using cladistic biogeographic methodology. The entire clade is hypothesized as Eocene in age, with the basal taxon Tetraleucus isolated from Old World progenitors of the rest of the clade due to amphi-Atlantic vicariance. Anchomenus is divisable into two clades; four New World species distributed along the Pacific coast from Alaska to Baja California, and six Old World species distributed from Japan to western Europe. Beringian vicariance in the Miocene is the likely cause of this pattern. Sericoda species exhibit a collective Holarctic distribution, with one species found in montane regions of southeast Asia and Indomalaya. Beringian vicariance has occurred at least twice during the diversification of the seven species leading to divergence of: (1) S. ceylonica from its sister group of S. bembidioides plus S. montana, (2) the sister species S. bogemannii and S. obsoleta. These vicariant events are hypothesized to have occurred in late Miocene or Pliocene times. Elliptoleus was probably isolated in México from its more northern sister group, Sericoda, in late Miocene. Cladistic biogeographic analysis allows derivation of a fundamental area cladogram for the temperate humid montane forest habitats occupied by Elliptoleus species. The Sierra Madre Occidental is hypothesized as the sister area of the Transvolcanic Sierra plus the more southerly Sierra de Oaxaca and Sierra Madre del Sur. Biotic connections of the Transvolcanic Sierra with montane regions to the south are via a filter bridge along the Atlantic versant, running from Pico de Orizaba to the Sierra de Oaxaca. Divergence events at the species level are geographically associated with river valleys, or regions of geological uplift near major volcanoes"--P. 5.Item Phylogeny and revision of the Platynus degallieri species group (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Platynini). Bulletin of the AMNH ; no. 214([New York] : American Museum of Natural History, 1992) Liebherr, James Kenneth."The 36 species of the Platynus degallieri species group are revised. Twenty-five species are newly described: Platynus robustulus, n. sp., P. platynellus, n. sp., P. machetellus, n. sp., P. elliptolellus, n. sp., P. brunnellus, n. sp., P. caerulipennis, n. sp., P. rotundatulus, n. sp., P. minusculus, n. sp., P. stenophthalmus, n. sp., P. angustulus, n. sp., and P. decorellus, n. sp. from México; P. bacatellus, n. sp., P. crypticulus, n. sp., and P. imitativus, n. sp. from México and Guatemala; P. marginissimus, n. sp. from Mexico, Guatemala, and El Salvador; P. rugulellus, n. sp., and P. nevermanni, n. sp. from Costa Rica; P. margaritulus, n. sp., P. barbarellus, n. sp., P. woldai, n. sp., P. flavomarginatus, n. sp., P. mimulus, n. sp., and P. purpurellus, n. sp. from Panamá; P. nitidulus, n. sp. from Costa Rica and Panamá; and P. baorucensis, n. sp. from Dominican Republic. Acupalpus striatulus Reiche, 1843 is synonymized with Anchomenus aeneipennis Dejean, 1831 (new synonymy). Glyptolenopsis Perrault, 1991 is considered a junior synonym of Platynus Bonelli, 1810 (new synonymy). New combinations include Platynus degallieri (Perrault) and P. aeneipennis (Dejean). A key for the identification of the species is provided, and each species treatment includes a synonymy, diagnosis, description, and distributional information. Three Mexican species, close outgroups of the degallieri group, are also described: Platynus pygmaeus, n. sp. from Chiapas and Oaxaca; P. ballorum, n. sp. from Puebla; and P. franiai, n. sp. from Guerrero and Oaxaca. Cladistic analysis based on 59 unit-coded characters is performed on the 36 ingroup taxa. Eleven outgroup taxa are included in the analysis to facilitate character polarization within the degallieri group, and to obtain a preliminary assessment of recent classificatory attempts on the Neotropical Platynus. Patterns of character state change are compared between male and female reproductive characters, and found to corroborate Eberhard's hypothesis of female choice as a determinant in genitalic evolution. Areas of endemism are defined by the distributions of geographically restricted species within the aggregate species-group distributional range, and include the Hispaniolan, Cuban-Bahamian, Mexican, northern Mexican, northern Central American, lower Central American, and South American areas. Area relationships are determined using component analysis. The time of origin of the species group is hypothesized to be Miocene to Oligocene, based on the sister area relationship of northern México with México plus northern Central America--that relationship dated Miocene in the sympatric platynine carabid genus Elliptoleus Bates. The Antillean areas of endemism are ambiguously related either to the Mexican plus northern Central American areas, or to the lower Central American plus South American areas. An Oligocene to Miocene colonization of the Antilles at approximately the time of origin of the species group is consistent with these relationships. The lower Central American diversification can be dated as post-Miocene, corresponding to the Talamancan orogeny in Costa Rica and Panama. The South American area has been recently colonized by two widespread species of the group, and its area relationships are probably due more to recent range expansion than to an accretionary geological event. Information on habitats occupied by the species is presented. Elevational ranges are used as a measure of the stability of habitats occupied by the various species. Brachypterous taxa are shown to occupy ecologically more stable, higher elevational habitats. This association is shown to be based on a relatively limited number of historical events whereby ancestral brachypterous taxa came to occupy high elevation habitats, with repeated vicariance without habitat change increasing the diversity of such clades. Habitat relationships are compared to those predicted under the taxon cycle and taxon pulse hypotheses. Three possible radiations--12 mainland and Antillean species, a subset of this clade comprising 7 Antillean species, and a clade of 19 mainland species of which 12 are found in lower Central America--are tested for conformity to taxon cycle predictions using a randomization test. All sets of empirical data fail to demonstrate significant action of a taxon cycle during the ecological diversification of the group"--P. 5.