Browsing by Author "Grismado, Cristian J."
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Item Description of Birabenella, a new genus of goblin spiders from Argentina and Chile (Araneae, Oonopidae). (American Museum novitates, no. 3693)(American Museum of Natural History., 2010) Grismado, Cristian J.A new genus, Birabenella, is erected for three new soft-bodied oonopid species from Coquimbo Region, Chile (B. homonota, the type species, B. elqui, and B. pizarroi) and one from Catamarca Province, Argentina: B. argentina (Birabén, 1955), here transferred from Oonopinus Simon. The new genus is supported and diagnosed by the tarsal claws with one row of teeth, and by the stout and flattened setae on the dorsum of the abdomen. The thickened anterior wall of the posterior receptacle in female genitalia, and the ventral digitiform projection on the bulb of the male palp are also probable synapomorphies.Item The goblin spider genus Aprusia Simon, 1893 (Araneae, Oonopidae). (American Museum novitates, no. 3706)(American Museum of Natural History., 2011) Grismado, Cristian J.; Deeleman-Reinhold, Christa L.; Baehr, Barbara, 1953-The South Asian goblin spider genus Aprusia Simon (Araneae: Oonopidae) consists of five species and is found in southwestern India and Sri Lanka. Although the type species A. strenuous Simon is known only from two juvenile syntypes, new topotypical material from Sri Lanka allowed a redefinition of the genus and species. Ischnothyreus vestigator Simon, also from Sri Lanka, is transferred to Aprusia based on recently collected topotypical specimens. The female is described for the first time. Three new species are described: A. veddah Grismado and Deeleman, A. kataragama Grismado and Deeleman (both from Sri Lanka), and A. kerala Grismado and Deeleman (from southwestern India). The genus is recognized by the relatively small to medium-sized dorsal scutum on the abdomen of both sexes, the strong macrosetae on the forelegs and by the conformation of the male palp, with the cymbium and bulb fused and a tiny, slightly sclerotized embolus.Item High resolution images for Taxonomic review of the goblin spiders of the genus Dysderoides Fage and their Himalayan relatives of the genera Trilacuna Tong and Li and Himalayana, new genus (Araneae, Oonopidae). (Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 387)(2014-04-28) Grismado, Cristian J.; Deeleman-Reinhold, Christa L.; Piacentini, Luis N.; Izquierdo, Matías A..; Ramírez, Martín J.High resolution images for Taxonomic review of the goblin spiders of the genus Dysderoides Fage and their Himalayan relatives of the genera Trilacuna Tong and Li and Himalayana, new genus (Araneae, Oonopidae). (Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 387); Bulletin no. 387 can be accessed at this link: http://hdl.handle.net/2246/6524Item Myrmecicultoridae, a new family of myrmecophilic spiders from the Chihuahuan Desert (Araneae, Entelegynae). (American Museum novitates, no. 3930)(American Museum of Natural History., 2019-06-26) Ramírez, Martín J.; Grismado, Cristian J.; Ubick, Darrell.; Ovcharenko, V. I.; Cushing, Paula Elizabeth, 1964-; Platnick, Norman I.; Wheeler, Ward.; Prendini, Lorenzo.; Crowley, Louise M.; Horner, Norman V.The new genus and species Myrmecicultor chihuahuensis Ramírez, Grismado, and Ubick is described and proposed as the type of the new family, Myrmecicultoridae Ramírez, Grismado, and Ubick. The species is ecribellate, with entelegyne genitalia, two tarsal claws, without claw tufts, and the males have a retrolateral palpal tibial apophysis. Some morphological characters suggest a possible relationship with Zodariidae or Prodidomidae, but the phylogenetic analysis of six markers from the mitochondrial (12S rDNA, 16S rDNA, cytochrome oxidase subunit I) and nuclear (histone H3, 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA) genomes indicate that M. chihuahuensis is a separate lineage emerging near the base of the Dionycha and the Oval Calamistrum clade. The same result is obtained when the molecular data are combined with a dataset of morphological characters. Specimens of M. chihuahuensis were found associated with three species of harvester ants, Pogonomyrmex rugosus, Novomessor albisetosis, and Novomessor cockerelli, and were collected in pitfall traps when the ants are most active. The known distribution spans the Big Bend region of Texas (Presidio, Brewster, and Hudspeth counties), to Coahuila (Cuatro Ciénegas) and Aguascalientes (Tepezalá), Mexico.Item The New World goblin spiders of the new genus Neotrops (Araneae, Oonopidae). Part 1. (Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 383)(American Museum of Natural History., 2013-12-02) Grismado, Cristian J.; Ramírez, Martín J.; Goblin Spider Planetary Biodiversity Inventory.A new genus of soft-bodied oonopids, Neotrops, is established for a large assemblage of goblin spiders found in all tropical and subtropical areas of the Neotropical region, from Panama to Uruguay and central Argentina. Members of Neotrops have spinose forelegs, and share a general palpal morphology with those of Heteroonops Dalmas, but have a prolateral conductor connected with an internal bulbal vesicle that presumably discharges its secretion through a prolateral slit. Females lack a posterior receptacle in the internal genitalia, having only a posterodorsal plate serving for muscle attachment. Here we treat all the species except those from Brazil, which will be addressed in a subsequent paper. Twenty-three new species are described: N. darwini (type species), N. lorenae, and N. sciosciae (from Argentina and Uruguay); N. yunga, N. piacentinii, N. poguazu, and N. lopardoae (from Argentina); N. rubioi, N. pombero, and N. avalosi (from Argentina and Paraguay); N. labarquei (from Uruguay), N. yabare, N. izquierdoi, and N. kopuchianae (from Bolivia); N. pithecia, N. silvae, and N. pakitza (from Peru); N. platnicki, and N. waorani (from Ecuador); N. santamarta and N. caparu (from Colombia); and N. maracay and N. amacuro (from Venezuela). Four additional species, previously placed in Oonops Templeton, are transferred here to Neotrops: O. nigromaculatus Mello-Leitão, from Argentina and Uruguay; O. tucumanus Simon, from Argentina; O. donaldi Chickering, from Panama; and O. trapellus Chickering, from Trinidad and Venezuela. The females of the three latter species are here described for the first time. Most of the species are known from the leaf litter or the foliage of tropical and subtropical forests, but also from grasslands in the southern parts of their distributional range, where they appear as the dominant soft-bodied oonopids. The relationships of this new taxon are briefly discussed, and intrageneric groupings are also proposed.Item On the genera of the spider subfamily Otiothopinae (Araneae, Palpimanidae). American Museum novitates ; no. 3257(New York, NY : American Museum of Natural History, 1999) Platnick, Norman I.; Grismado, Cristian J.; Ramírez, Martín J."New information on cheliceral and genitalic morphology supports the monophyly of the genus Anisaedus Simon and suggests that A. gaujoni Simon from Ecuador and northern Peru and A. stridulans González from southern Peru are sister species, that A. pellucidas Platnick from northern Chile is their closest relative, and that A. rufus (Tullgren) from northern Argentina represents the sister group of the three west Andean species. Three new species of the genus Fernandezina Birabén are described: F. maldonado from Peru, F. dasilvai from the Atlantic forests of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and F. ilheus from the Atlantic forests of Bahia, Brazil. A new species, Otiothops atlanticus, is described, also from the Atlantic forests of Bahia, that has the most unusual genitalic features of any known otiothopine, but appears nevertheless to be most closely related to O. recurvus Platnick. A new genus, Notiothops, is described to contain two Chilean species previously misplaced in Otiothops, N. birabeni (Zapfe) and N. maulensis (Platnick), as well as six new species (N. noxiosus, N. huaquen, N. campana, N. penai, N. llolleo, and N. cekalovici) from Chile"--P. [1].Item Review of the southern South American spider genus Platnickia (Araneae, Zodariidae) ; American Museum novitates, no. 3625(New York, NY : American Museum of Natural History, 2008) Grismado, Cristian J.; Platnick, Norman I.Although only two species have been assigned to the temperate South American zodariid genus Platnickia Jocqué, the fauna is actually more diverse. The type species, P. elegans (Nicolet), is widespread in Chile, from Coquimbo south to Chiloé, and in adjacent Argentina, whereas P. bergi (Simon) is known only from the far southern tip of the continent: Magallanes in Chile, Tierra del Fuego in Argentina, and the Falkland Islands. Both species are redescribed on the basis of newly collected material. Three new species are described: P. roble from Ñuble, Chile; P. wedalen, found in southern Chile, from Cautín to Aisén, as well as adjacent Argentina and the Falkland Islands, and P. bolson, known only from Llanquihue, Chile, and Río Negro, Argentina.Item Tarsal organ morphology and the phylogeny of goblin spiders (Araneae, Oonopidae), with notes on basal genera. (American Museum novitates, no. 3736)(American Museum of Natural History., 2012-02-29) Platnick, Norman I.; Abrahim, Naiara.; Alvarez-Padilla, Fernando.; Andriamalala, Daniela.; Baehr, Barbara, 1953-; Baert, L.; Bonaldo, Alexandre B.; Brescovit, Antonio D.; Chousou-Polydouri, Natalia.; Dupérré, N. (Nadine); Eichenberger, Beata.; Fannes, Wouter.; Gaublomme, Eva.; Gillespie, Rosemary G., 1957-; Grismado, Cristian J.; Griswold, Charles E.; Harvey, Mark S.; Henrard, Arnaud.; Hormiga, Gustavo.; Izquierdo, Matías A.; Jocqué, R.; Kranz-Baltensperger, Yvonne.; Kropf, Christian.; Ott, Ricardo.; Ramírez, Martín J.; Raven, Robert J.; Rheims, Cristina A.; Ruiz, Gustavo R. S.; Santos, Adalberto J.; Saucedo, Alma D.; Sierwald, Petra.; Szűts, Tamás.; Ubick, Darrell.; Wang, Xin-Ping.Based on a survey of a wide variety of oonopid genera and outgroups, we hypothesize new synapomorphies uniting the Oonopidae (minus the South African genus Calculus Purcell, which is transferred to the Orsolobidae). The groundplan of the tarsal organ in Oonopidae is hypothesized to be an exposed organ with a distinctive, longitudinal ridge originating from the proximal end of the organ, and a serially dimorphic pattern of 4-4-3-3 raised receptors on legs I-IV, respectively. Such organs typify the diverse, basal, and ancient genus Orchestina Simon. Several other genera whose members resemble Orchestina in retaining two plesiomorphic features (an H-shaped, transverse eye arrangement and a heavily sclerotized, thick-walled sperm duct within the male palp) are united by having tarsal organs that are partly (in the case of Cortestina Knoflach) or fully capsulate (in the case of Sulsula Simon, Xiombarg Brignoli, and Unicorn Platnick and Brescovit). The remaining oonopids are united by the loss of the heavily sclerotized palpal sperm duct, presumably reflecting a significant transformation in palpal mechanics. Within that large assemblage, a 4-4-3-3 tarsal organ receptor pattern and an H-shaped eye arrangement seem to be retained only in the New Zealand genus Kapitia Forster; the remaining genera are apparently united by a reduction in the tarsal organ pattern to 3-3-2-2 raised receptors on legs I-IV and by the acquisition of a clumped eye arrangement. Three subfamilies of oonopids are recognized: Orchestininae Chamberlin and Ivie (containing only Orchestina; Ferchestina Saaristo and Marusik is placed as a junior synonym of Orchestina), Sulsulinae, new subfamily (containing Sulsula, Xiombarg, Unicorn, and Cortestina), and Oonopinae Simon (containing all the remaining genera, including those previously placed in the Gamasomorphinae). The type species of Sulsula and Kapitia, S. pauper (O. P.-Cambridge) and K. obscura Forster, are redescribed, and the female of S. pauper is described for the first time. A new sulsuline genus, Dalmasula, is established for Sulsula parvimana Simon and four new species from Namibia and South Africa.Item Taxonomic review of the goblin spiders of the genus Dysderoides Fage and their Himalayan relatives of the genera Trilacuna Tong and Li and Himalayana, new genus (Araneae, Oonopidae). (Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 387)(American Museum of Natural History., 2014-04-21) Grismado, Cristian J.; Deeleman-Reinhold, Christa L.; Piacentini, Luis N.; Izquierdo, Matías A.; Ramírez, Martín J.The study of many museum specimens of goblin spiders from the Himalayan range and neighboring countries allows for the description of new taxa of the family Oonopidae. The genus Dysderoides Fage is taxonomically reviewed. It comprises small, blind, loricate troglobitic spiders: the type species (D. typhlos Fage, from India) and at least five new species from northern India (D. synrang Grismado and Deeleman) and Thailand (D. muang Grismado and Deeleman, D. kaew Grismado and Deeleman, D. kanoi Grismado and Deeleman, and D. lawa Grismado and Deeleman). The genus Trilacuna, previously known from China, Thailand, Malaysia, and Sumatra, is newly diagnosed by the loss of the furrow connecting the posterior spiracles in males, and is represented in the Himalayan region by seven species: T. aenobarba (Brignoli), from Bhutan (here transferred from Epectris Simon), and six new: four from northern India (T. meghalaya Grismado and Piacentini, T. besucheti Grismado and Piacentini, T. Mahanadi Grismado and Piacentini, and T. loebli Grismado and Piacentini), one from India and Nepal (T. bangla Grismado and Ramírez), and one from Pakistan (T. hazara Grismado and Ramírez). The new genus Himalayana Grismado comprises species very similar to those of Trilacuna, but differs in the characters of the postepigastric scuta and by having an additional acute dorsoprolateral projection on the male palpi. Six new species are assigned to Himalayana: H. kathmandu Grismado (type species), H. castanopsis Grismado, H. parbat Grismado, and H. martensi Grismado (all from Nepal); and H. siliwalae Grismado and H. andreae Grismado (from India). The study of the internal female genitalia of T. meghalaya and T. bangla revealed a complex copulatory system, and an entelegyne condition, apparently uniform for the entire genus and probably for Dysderoides and Himalayana as well. The males of the three genera have a complex set of paraembolic laminae with brushes of filiform structures, among which discharges a gland through a thin, tortuous cuticular tube. The genitalic and somatic morphology of the three genera suggest that they conform a monophyletic group, here named "Dysderoides complex," and that their closer relatives can be found among Prethopalpus Baehr et al., and other genera related to Silhouettella Benoit. The loss of the membranous diagonal area on the base of the anterior lateral spinnerets is proposed as a synapomorphy of an advanced group of loricatae oonopids usually referred as gamasomorphines. Furthermore Triaeris glenniei Fage, described from a single female from a cave in Uttarakhand, is redescribed and transferred to Camptoscaphiella Caporiacco.Item An update of the goblin spider genus Birabenella Grismado, 2010 (Araneae, Oonopidae), with the description of three new species. (American Museum novitates, no. 3883)(American Museum of Natural History., 2017-09-06) Piacentini, Luis N.; Grismado, Cristian J.; Ramírez, Martín J.The taxonomy of the poorly known South American goblin spider genus Birabenella Grismado (Araneae: Oonopidae) is updated in light of recently collected material. Three new species are described: B. kamanchaca, from northern Chile, B. portai, from northwestern Argentina, and B. chincha, from southern Peru, where the genus is reported for the first time. The diagnosis of the genus is updated; the presence of the ventral digitiform projection on the male copulatory bulb in the three newly described species supports this character as a putative synapomorphy for the genus. Additionally, all species in this genus possess unipectinate tarsal claws. Preliminary observations indicate that there is some degree of variability in tarsal organ morphology.