Browsing by Author "Engel, Michael S."
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Item Allodapine bees in the Arabian Peninsula (Hymenoptera, Apidae) : a new species of Braunsapis from the Sarawat Mountains, with an overview of the Arabian fauna. (American Museum novitates, no. 3801)(American Museum of Natural History., 2014-04-29) Engel, Michael S.; Alqarni, Abdulaziz S.; Hannan, Mohammed A.; Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A.; Michener, Charles D. (Charles Duncan), 1918-2015.An interesting new species of allodapine bee (Xylocopinae: Allodapini: Allodapina) is described and figured from males and females captured in the Sarawat Mountains near al-Baha, representing the first records of the tribe for Saudi Arabia. Braunsapis alqarnii Engel and Michener, new species, is similar to the small species of the genus known from Africa and Madagascar but is distinguished on the basis of several features, most notably the male hind legs and terminalia. Notes are provided on the known allodapine fauna of the Arabian Peninsula, with a key to the species.Item Classification of the bee tribe Augochlorini (Hymenoptera, Halictidae). Bulletin of the AMNH ; no. 250([New York] : American Museum of Natural History, 2000) Engel, Michael S.The halictid bee tribe Augochlorini is revised at the level of genus and subgenus. Forty-one genera and subgenera are recognized with two being extinct. New subgenera of Augochlora, Electraugochlora, and of Oligochlora, Soliapis, are described for new fossils from Tertiary amber of the Dominican Republic. Complete taxonomic histories are given along with information on revisions at the species level, biological studies, and general distribution for each family- and genus-group taxon. The following subgenera are newly synonymized: Aethechlora new junior subjective synonym of Oxystoglossella, Mycterochlora new junior subjective synonym of Augochlora, Vachalius new junior subjective synonym of Neocorynurella, and Neocorynuroides new junior subjective synonym of Neocorynura. The group Glyptochlora is resurrected from synonymy as a valid subgenus of Augochloropsis. The males of Chlerogella and Micrommation are described for the first time. A key to the genera and subgenera of the tribe is presented along with a key to the species of the rare Augochloropsis (Glyptochlora). Suprageneric relationships in the tribe are explored cladistically. Characters of adult external morphology (72 characters) and ethology (12 characters) are coded for all recognized augochlorine genera as well as outgroups from the Halictini, Nomioidini, and Nomiinae. Results of the cladistic analysis are remarkably resolved but not very robust. The cladogram is summarized and infratribal groups defined. Most notably, the tribe is divided into two monophyletic subtribes: the Corynurina (new subtribe), containing the southern South American genera Corynura, Halictillus, Rhectomia, and Rhinocorynura; and the nominate subtribe, Augochlorina. Implications of the cladistic analysis on diversification in the Augochlorini and evolutionary patterns within the tribe are discussed. New distribution records are given for three species which extend the known ranges of their respective genera. Augochlora essequibensis is a new junior subjective synonym of A. nigrocyanea while A. cladopyga, A. seminigra, Augochlorella bidentata, Halictus caucasicus, H. cerasis, H. chrysaspis, H. myrrhites, H. simotes, and Pereirapis rhizophila are all new junior subjective synonyms of P. semiaurata. Megalopta intermedia, Augochlora nitidior, Augochlorella eusticta, Augochlorodes clementis, and Augochloropsis scabriceps are all recognized as nomina nuda. Vachalius cosmetor, from Colombia and Venezuela, is transferred to Neocorynurella while Corynura biciliata, from Costa Rica, is recognized as a species of Halictini and is transferred to the genus Lasioglossum (Evylaeus) (new combinations). Four fossil and recent species new to science are described as Augochlora (Electraugochlora) leptoloba (fossil), Augochlora (Oxystoglossella) rightmyerae (extant), Oligochlora (Soliapis) rozeni (fossil), and Pseudaugoehlora pulchra (extant).Item Coniopterygidae (Neuroptera, Aleuropteryginae) in amber from the Eocene of India and the Miocene of Hispaniola. (American Museum novitates, no. 3770)(American Museum of Natural History., 2013-02-22) Grimaldi, David A.; Engel, Michael S.; Nascimbene, Paul C.; Singh, Hukam.The genus Spiloconis Enderlein is comprised of six Recent Asian and Pacific species, ranging from Sri Lanka (and possibly Madagascar) in the west to eastern Australia and Fiji in the east. Two species previously described in Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic, Spiloconis glaesaria Meinander and S. oediloma Engel and Grimaldi, are redescribed for some details. Spiloconis eominuta Grimaldi and Engel, new species, is described in earliest Eocene Cambay amber from Gujarat, India, which has well-preserved male terminalia. Neoconis paleocaribis Grimaldi and Engel, new species, is described from Dominican amber; this Recent genus is known from the southern United States and neotropics. The fossil Spiloconis may have significant biogeographic implications, but definitive determination of this requires a phylogenetic analysis of the 16 Recent genera in the monophyletic subfamily Aleuropteryginae. A Dominican amber-Australasian distribution pattern is known for 18 genera of insects in myriad orders (including Spiloconis), which are briefly reviewed.Item Cretaceous Scolebythidae and phylogeny of the family (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea) ; American Museum novitates, no. 3568(New York, NY : American Museum of Natural History, 2007) Engel, Michael S.; Grimaldi, David A.The genera of Cretaceous Scolebythidae are reviewed, with three new genera and species described from New Jersey (Turonian) and Lebanese (Barremian) amber. The new taxa are Boreobythus turonius, new genus and species, in New Jersey amber, and Zapenesia libanica, new genus and species, and Uliobythus terpsichore, new genus and species, in Lebanese amber. A cladistic analysis of living and fossil species of Scolebythidae is undertaken and a revised classification of the family proposed. Boreobythus is the oldest scolebythid in the New World, documenting the presence of the family during the late Cretaceous in North America. The Eocene genus Eobythus is perhaps best considered a junior synonym of Pristapenesia but is tentatively retained herein. The historical biogeography of the family is briefly discussed. A key to the living and fossil genera of Scolebythidae is provided.Item Discovery of the bee tribe Tarsaliini in Arabia (Hymenoptera, Apidae), with the description of a new species. (American Museum novitates, no. 3877)(American Museum of Natural History., 2017-03-20) Engel, Michael S.; Alqarni, Abdulaziz S.; Shebl, Mohamed A.The uncommonly encountered bee tribe Tarsaliini (Apinae) is recorded from the Arabian Peninsula for the first time, and based on a new species of the genus Tarsalia Morawitz. The tribes Ancylaini and Tarsaliini are diagnosed and their differences highlighted. Tarsalia kindahensis Engel, new species, is described and figured from the eastern portion of the Najd of central-eastern Saudi Arabia (Qassim and Riyadh regions). The new species is most similar to T. mimetes (Cockerell), known only from Egypt and Sudan, as well as the larger T. persica (Warncke) from Iran. These three species are morphologically and largely geographically distinct from the remainder of the genus, and are segregated into a new subgenus, Astibomelissa Engel. An updated and corrected checklist of the genera and subgenera of bees recorded from Saudi Arabia is appended.Item The earliest webspinners (Insecta, Embiodea) ; American Museum novitates : no. 3514(New York, NY : American Museum of Natural History, 2006) Engel, Michael S.; Grimaldi, David A.A new genus and species of webspinner (Insecta: Embiodea = Embiidina, Embioptera auctorum) is described and figured from a well-preserved, alate male in mid-Cretaceous (latest Albian) amber from Myanmar (Burma). Sorellembia estherae, new genus and species, is distinguished from the only other Mesozoic webspinner, Burmitembia venosa Cockerell. Unlike the latter taxon, S. estherae embodies an array of notable plesiomorphies for the Neoembiodea (i.e., those Embiodea with strongly asymmetrical terminalia and the tenth tergum divided). Based on its phylogenetic position, S. estherae is placed in a new family, Sorellembiidae. Burmitembia venosa, on the other hand, possesses a synapomorphic suite of traits indicating placement in the Notoligotomidae (sensu novum) and as sister to the apterous subfamily Australembiinae (status novus). Past authors have considered Burmitembia as deserving of familial status, but it seems more conservative to combine the geographically restricted and species-poor sister families Notoligotomidae and Australembiidae and to consider Burmitembia as merely a subfamily therein (as Burmitembiinae). The phylogeny, classification, and geological history of the order are briefly reviewed.Item Early Cretaceous snakefly larvae in amber from Lebanon, Myanmar, and France (Raphidioptera) ; American Museum novitates, no. 3598(New York, NY : American Museum of Natural History, 2007) Perrichot, Vincent.; Engel, Michael S.Snakefly (Raphidioptera) larvae are newly documented from the early Cretaceous ambers of Lebanon, Myanmar (Burma), and France. Previously only two Cretaceous larvae had been documented, one in late Cretaceous (Turonian) amber from New Jersey and another in early Cretaceous (Albian) amber from Myanmar. The specimens discussed herein are likely representative of the extinct family Mesoraphidiidae, but definitive familial assignment is currently not possible. The new fossil material is described and placed into context with the known larval morphology of modern and fossil species, as well as with the geological history of the order as documented by the remains of adults.Item An Eocene bee in Rovno amber, Ukraine (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae). American Museum novitates ; no. 3506(New York, NY : American Museum of Natural History, 2006) Engel, Michael S.; Perkovsky, Evgeny E.A new species of fossil bee is described and figured in late Eocene amber from the Rovno region of the Ukraine. Ctenoplectrella zherikhini n.sp. (Megachilinae: Ctenoplectrellini), is similar to those species known from the slightly older Baltic amber (middle Eocene). This is the first bee discovered in the Rovno amber and the fourth species for its genus. The presently known megachilid bee fossils are summarized and the geological history of the family reviewed.Item An exomalopsine bee in early Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic (Hymenoptera, Apidae). (American Museum novitates, no. 3758)(American Museum of Natural History., 2012-09-14) Engel, Michael S.; Grimaldi, David A.; González, Víctor H.; Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A.; Michener, Charles D. (Charles Duncan), 1918-2015.The first fossil exomalopsine bee is described and figured from two females, one very partially preserved in early Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic. Anthophorula (Anthophorula) persephone Engel, new species, is distinguished from its modern counterparts mainly by the broader pterostigma in which its inner breadth is greater than that of its marginal veins. This record expands the Dominican amber melittofauna to 21 species. Brief comments are made on the discovery as well as the Dominican amber bees in general. The new combination Thaumatosoma (Chalicodomopsis) glaesaria (Engel) is established.Item Extralimital fossils of the "Gondwanan" family Sphaeropsocidae (Insecta, Psocodea) ; American Museum novitates, no. 3523(New York, NY : American Museum of Natural History, 2006) Grimaldi, David A.; Engel, Michael S.Two new species and genera of minute, coleopteriform psocopterans, family Sphaeropsocidae (Nanopsocetae), are described from fossils preserved in Cretaceous ambers: Sphaeropsocoides canadensis Grimaldi and Engel, n.gen., n.sp., from the Campanian of western Canada; and Sphaeropsocites lebanensis Grimaldi and Engel, n.gen., n.sp., from the Neocomian of Lebanon. These are the first described Mesozoic species of the family. Sphaeropsocus kuenowii Hagen in mid-Eocene Baltic amber is redescribed in detail. The 14 described Recent species of the family (in the genera Sphaeropsocopsis and Badonnelia) have natural distributions that are largely restricted to southern portions of the Southern Hemisphere, but Eocene and now Cretaceous fossils reveal a formerly global distribution of the family. Hypothesized relationships of the five genera indicate basal positions of the fossil genera, and probably an entirely Tertiary age of the Recent genera Sphaeropsocopsis and Badonnelia, which would thus be too young for these two genera to have been affected by gondwanan drift.Item Family-group names for bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). American Museum novitates ; no. 3476(New York, NY : American Museum of Natural History, 2005) Engel, Michael S.The 173 family-group names for bees (Apoidea: Anthophila) are cataloged in chronological order. For each name the correct author, date, type genus, and combining stem are provided. The following names are considered nomina nuda: Phenacolletini, Ctenioschelini, Chalicodomopsini, Liphanthini, Austropanurgini, and Hoplitini. The authorship of three names (Tapinotaspidini, Hexepeolini, and Ancyloscelidina) is corrected as each was a nomen nudum when first proposed, but has been subsequently made available by other authors. The following new names are proposed herein: Scraptrinae Ascher and Engel, new subfamily (Colletidae); Neffapini Ascher, new tribe (Andrenidae: Panurginae); Afrodasypodini Engel, new tribe (Melittidae: Dasypodainae), Afrodasypoda Engel, new genus; Hesperapina Ascher and Engel, new subtribe (Melittidae: Dasypodainae); Macrogaleina Engel, new subtribe (Apidae: Xylocopinae); and Ancyloscelidina Engel and Michener, new subtribe (Apidae: Apinae). A hierarchical outline of Apoidea classification (inclusive of the digger wasps), indicating the suggested current usage of all available family-group names is appended. The name Anthophila, as proposed by Latreille, is adopted for the bees as a whole.Item Family-group names for earwigs (Dermaptera) ; American Museum novitates, no. 3567(New York, NY : American Museum of Natural History, 2007) Engel, Michael S.; Haas, Fabian.Family-group names for all taxa of earwigs (living and extinct) are listed with dates and sources indicated; in total 85 entries are recorded along with a single entry of dubious taxonomic identity (i.e., Ocelliidae, nomen dubium, a name apparently applied to a fossil earwig nymph of uncertain status and identity). This survey revealed two instances in which currently accepted names must be changed owing to priority by an older name: Platylabiinae and Cosmiellinae must be replaced by Palicinae and Skendylinae, respectively, as the family-group names remain valid despite synonymy of their type genera. The type genus of Verhoeff's Gonolabididae (as Gonolabidae) is Gonolabis, not Gonolabina (which is the type genus of Gonolabininae, Gonolabiinae auctorum) as asserted by various authors. In addition, the generally asserted authorship and dates of numerous names are found to be incorrect and are therefore revised herein. Most notably, the name Carcinophorinae as used by Hincks was a nomen nudum and therefore unavailable (the name was first made available by Popham). The widely employed spellings (all incorrectly formed) of Anataelinae, Challinae, Protolabinae, Anophthalmolabiinae, Titanolabinae, Gonolabinae, Brachylabinae, Isolabinae, Antisolabinae, Parisolabinae, Chaetospanini, Irdexinae, Eudohrninae, Rudraxinae, Gonolabinae, Rhyacolabinae, and Kinellinae are corrected to Anataeliinae, Challiinae, Protolabidinae (= Echinosomatinae), Anophthalmolabidinae, Titanolabidinae, Gonolabidinae (= Anisolabidinae), Brachylabidinae, Isolabidinae, Antisolabidinae, Parisolabidinae, Chaetospaniini, Irdicinae (= Spongophorinae), Eudohrniinae (= Neolobophorinae), Rudracinae, Gonolabininae, Rhyacolabidinae (= Ancistrogastrinae), and Kinesinae, respectively. The following nomenclatural changes are proposed: Acrania, reinstated as genus; Epicranopygia, new synonym of Acrania; Acrania angulata, new combination; A. constricta, new combination; A. eximia, reinstated combination; A. fletcheri, new combination; A. picta, reinstated combination; A. triangulata, new combination; A. vittipennis, new combination; Pyge, reinstated as genus; Paracranopygia, new synonym of Pyge; Pyge assamensis, new combination; P. bakeri, new combination; P. burmensis, new combination; P. comata, new combination; P. formosa, new combination; P. maculipes, new combination; P. meghalayana, new combination; P. modesta, reinstated combination; P. pallidipennis, new combination; P. proxima, new combination; P. semenovi, new combination; P. siamensis, new combination; P. similis, new combination; P. tonkinensis, new combination; P. variegata, new combination; P. vicina, new combination; Paradiplatys, reinstated as genus; Lobodiplatys, Heterodiplatys, and Epidiplatys, reduced to subgenera of Paradiplatys (and their included species reinstated in combination with Paradiplatys); Paradiplatys (Lobodiplatys) coriaceus, reinstated combination; P. (Paradiplatys) conradti, reinstated combination; P. (P.) lamottei, reinstated combination; P. (P.) pectinatus, reinstated combination; P. (P.) salvazae, reinstated combination; P. (P.) spinulosus, reinstated combination; P. (Heterodiplatys) bicolor, reinstated combination; P. (H.) bihamatus, reinstated combination; P. (H.) burri, reinstated combination; P. (H.) rotundicollis, reinstated combination; P. (H.) schoutedeni, reinstated combination; P. (Epidiplatys) gladiator, reinstated combination; Cretolabiinae, new subfamily (Anisolabididae); Paratitanolabis, new synonym of Titanolabis; Titanolabis bormansi, new combination; and Titanolabis myanmarensis, new name.Item Family-group names for termites (Isoptera). American Museum novitates ; no. 3432(New York, NY : American Museum of Natural History, 2004) Engel, Michael S.; Krishna, Kumar.Thirty-nine available family-group names are identified within the insect order Isoptera (termites). For all names the correct author, date, type genus, and combining stem are provided for the first time. This nomenclatural compilation is done to stabilize the usage of family-group names in the Isoptera in advance of a world catalog. Several problems of priority are identified and discussed. The little understood subfamily Foraminitermitinae is diagnosed; while generally believed by many authors to be a new, unnamed subfamily, it was in fact established by Holmgren nearly a century ago. The subfamilies Syntermitinae and Sphaerotermitinae are newly proposed for the mandibulate genera of nasute termites and for Sphaerotermes, respectively. The classification of Isoptera is briefly outlined.Item Fig wasps in Dominican amber (Hymenoptera, Agaonidae) ; American Museum novitates, no. 3541(New York, NY : American Museum of Natural History, 2006) Peñalver, Enrique.; Engel, Michael S.; Grimaldi, David A.The fauna of fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Agaonidae: Agaoninae) preserved in early Miocene (Burdigalian) amber from the Dominican Republic is reported. Three species are described, representing both of the exclusively neotropical genera Tetrapus Mayr and Pegoscapus Cameron: Tetrapus delclosi Peñalver and Engel, new species, T. apopnus Peñalver and Engel, new species, and Pegoscapus peritus Peñalver and Engel, new species. All are described and figured based on females that are exquisitely preserved. The species are distinguished from each other as well as from modern relatives.Item The first Cretaceous sclerogibbid wasp (Hymenoptera: Sclerogibbidae) ; American Museum novitates : no. 3515(New York, NY : American Museum of Natural History, 2006) Engel, Michael S.; Grimaldi, David A.Sclerogibbodes embioleia, new genus and species, is described from a female preserved in early Cretaceous (Neocomian) amber from Lebanon. The genus is sister to all other members of the Sclerogibbidae and is therefore placed in a monogeneric subfamily, Sclerogibbodinae, new subfamily. Sclerogibbids are obligate parasitoids of webspinners (order Embiodea = Embiidina, Embioptera), and thus the recovery of this lineage from Lebanese amber implies that webspinners were perhaps also present in the paleofauna.Item The first fossil Euglossa and phylogeny of orchid bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Euglossini). American Museum novitates ; no. 3272(New York, NY : American Museum of Natural History, 1999) Engel, Michael S."The first fossil Euglossa (tribe Euglossini) is described and figured from Miocene Dominican amber as Euglossa moronei new species. The species is differentiated from extant euglossines, and its apparent lack of close affinity to any extant subgenus or species group is discussed. The existing data pertinent to the internal phylogeny of Euglossini are reconsidered and a new hypothesis of relationships among the genera is proposed. The distribution of the euglossines, particularly in the West Indies, and their associations with orchids is briefly considered"--P. [1].Item The first Mesozoic Zoraptera (Insecta). American Museum novitates ; no. 3362(New York, NY : American Museum of Natural History, 2002) Engel, Michael S.; Grimaldi, David A.The earliest representatives of the polyneopteran insect order Zoraptera are described and figured. Four species, representing both alate and apterous morphs, are preserved in Cretaceous amber from Myanmar (Burma) and are the first fossil records of the order from the Old World and the Mesozoic. Zorotypus cretatus, new species, is represented by an apterous individual of indeterminate sex whereas Z. nascimbenei, new species, is represented by an alate female and Z. acanthothorax, new species, is known from an alate male. Xenozorotypus burmiticus, new genus and species, is represented by an alate male and possesses distinct plesiomorphies suggesting that it may be sister to all other zorapterans (Recent and extinct). Based on some peculiar apomorphies of the metafemoral and terminalic structure as well as wing venation it is placed in a separate genus. These species, particularly Z. cretatus, Z. acanthothorax, and Z. nascimbenei, are remarkably similar to living zorapterans, which indicates antiquity of the genus Zorotypus and the order, the latter perhaps Lowermost Mesozoic in origin. Phylogeny and classification of Polyneoptera is briefly reviewed, and a list of zorapterans and their distributions is updated along with general comments on the evolution of the order.Item Fossiliferous Cretaceous amber from Myanmar (Burma) : its rediscovery, biotic diversity, and paleontological significance. American Museum novitates ; no. 3361(New York, NY : American Museum of Natural History, 2002) Grimaldi, David A.; Engel, Michael S.; Nascimbene, Paul C.Amber from Kachin, northern Burma, has been used in China for at least a millennium for carving decorative objects, but the only scientific collection of inclusion fossils, at the Natural History Museum, London (NHML), was made approximately 90 years ago. Age of the material was ambiguous, but probably Cretaceous. Numerous new records and taxa occur in this amber, based on newly excavated material in the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) containing 3100 organisms. Without having all groups studied, significant new records and taxa thus far include the following (a † refers to extinct taxa): For Plants: An angiosperm flower (only the third in Cretaceous amber), spores and apparent sporangia of an unusual but common fungus, hepatophyte thalli and an archegoniophore of Marchantiaceae, and leafy shoots of Metasequoia (Coniferae). Metasequoia is possibly the source of the amber. For Animals: Mermithidae and other Nematoda; the oldest ixodid tick (a larval Amblyomma); bird feathers; and the only Mesozoic record of the Onychophora ('velvet' worms), described as †Cretoperipatus burmiticus, n. gen., n. sp. (Peripatidae). Poinar's classification of the Onychophora is substantially revised. Still largely unstudied, the fauna of mites (Acari) and spiders (Araneae) appears to be the most diverse ones known for the Mesozoic. For Insecta: Odonata indet. (wing fragment); Plecoptera indet.; new genera of Dermaptera, Embiidina, and Zoraptera (the latter two as the only definitive Mesozoic fossils of their orders). Within Hemiptera, there are primitive new genera in the Aradidae, Hydrometridae, Piesmatidae, Schizopteridae, and Cimicomorpha (Heteroptera), as well as in †Tajmyraphididae (Aphidoidea), and †Protopsyllidiidae. An adult snakefly (Raphidioptera: †Mesoraphidiidae) is the smallest species in the order, and new genera occur in the Neuroptera: Coniopterygidae, Berothidae, and Psychopsidae, as well as larvae of apparent Nevrorthidae. Coleoptera are largely unstudied, but are probably the most diverse assemblage known from the Cretaceous, particularly for Staphylinidae. An adult lymexylid, the most primitive species of Atractocerus, is the first Mesozoic record of the family. In Hymenoptera there are primitive ants (Formicidae: Ponerinae n. gen., and †Sphecomyrma n.sp (Sphecomyrminae)), the oldest record of the Pompilidae, and significant new records of †Serphitidae and †Stigmaphronidae, among others. Diptera are the most diverse and abundant, with the oldest definitive Blephariceridae and mosquito (Culicidae), as well as new genera in the Acroceridae, Bibionidae, Empidoidea; a new genus near the enigmatic genus Valeseguya, and an unusual new genus in the †Archizelmiridae. †Chimeromyia (Diptera: Eremoneura), known previously in ambers from the Lower Cretaceous, is also represented. The stratigraphic distribution of exclusively Mesozoic arthropods in Burmese amber is reviewed, which indicates a probable Turonian-Cenomanian age of this material (90-100 Ma). Paleofaunal differences between the NHML and AMNH collections are discussed, as is the distinct tropical nature of the original biota. Burmese amber probably harbors the most diverse biota in amber from the Cretaceous, and one of the most diverse Mesozoic microbiotas now known.Item A giant honey bee from the middle Miocene of Japan (Hymenoptera, Apidae). American Museum novitates ; no. 3504(New York, NY : American Museum of Natural History, 2006) Engel, Michael S.A new fossil honey bee is described and figured from middle Miocene deposits of Iki Island, Japan. Apis lithohermaea n.sp., is the largest fossil honey bee discovered, rivaling in size the modern giant honey bee, A. dorsata Fabricius. Apis lithohermaea is the first fossil of the dorsata species group recorded. Although the dorsata group does not occur farther north than Tibet and southern China and in the Philippines in the Pacific, this lineage occurred near what is today southern Korea and Japan during the Miocene. The geological history of the honey bees is briefly discussed in light of this new discovery. Important notes on the taxonomy of some honey bees (A. henshawi Cockerell, A. aquitaniensis de Rilly, and subspecies within A. mellifera Linnaeus and A. cerana Fabricius) are appended.Item A lateral gynandromorph in the bee genus Thyreus and the sting mechanism in the Melectini (Hymenoptera, Apidae) ; American Museum novitates, no. 3553(New York, NY : American Museum of Natural History, 2007) Engel, Michael S.A lateral gynandromorph of Thyreus redactulus? Cockerell is described and figured, with a particular emphasis on the genitalic sclerites. As such, the sting morphology and mechanism are described for T. ramosus (Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau) to provide a comparative framework for understanding the gynandromorph. The implications of the gynandromorph's genitalic arrangements for intersexual homologies are explored.
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