Browsing by Author "Central Asiatic Expeditions (1921-1930)"
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Item Additional new formations in the later sediments of Mongolia. American Museum novitates ; no. 385(New York City : American Museum of Natural History, 1929) Berkey, Charles Peter, b. 1867.; Granger, Walter, 1872-1941.; Morris, Frederick Kuhne, 1886-; Central Asiatic Expeditions (1921-1930)Item Additional Schizotherium material from China, and a review of Schizotherium dentitions (Perissodactyla, Chalicotheriidae). American Museum novitates ; no. 2647(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1978) Coombs, Margery Chalifoux.; Central Asiatic Expeditions (1921-1930)"Upper and lower cheek teeth of Schizotherium, collected from Urtyn Obo, East Mesa, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Peoples' Republic of China, by the 1928 Central Asiatic Expedition of the American Museum of Natural History, may belong to Schizotherium avitum Matthew and Granger, 1923. Despite the fact that dental evidence is a poor taxonomic indicator for chalicotheres, teeth provide the only evidence available for comparing Schizotherium species. Schizotherium avitum is a relatively small (?) representative of Schizotherium, with long narrow M[subscript]3, lower molar trigonid not wider than talonid, narrow M[subscript]3 hypoconulid, and metastylid weaker than in S. ordosium, S. priscum, or S. turgaicum but stronger than in S. chucuae. Schizotherium nabanensis resembles S. avitum in many respects but is poorly known. Derived characters of the metastylid and M[subscript]3 hypoconulid suggest that S. avitum may be closest to S. chucuae among other Schizotherium species. Material described from China by Teilhard (1926) and Bohlin (1946) is of uncertain taxonomic position but is not referable to S. avitum"--P. [1].Item The affinities of the fish Lycoptera middendorffi. Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 51, article 8.(New York : Published by order of the Trustees, The American Museum of Natural History, 1925) Cockerell, Theodore D. A. (Theodore Dru Alison), 1866-1948.; Central Asiatic Expeditions (1921-1930)Item Affinities of the Mongolian Cretaceous insectivores. American Museum novitates ; no. 330(New York City : American Museum of Natural History, 1928) Simpson, George Gaylord, 1902-; Central Asiatic Expeditions (1921-1930)Item Amphicticeps and Amphicynodon (Arctoidea, Carnivora) from Hsanda Gol Formation, central Mongolia, and phylogeny of basal arctoids with comments on zoogeography. American Museum novitates ; no. 3483(New York, NY : American Museum of Natural History, 2005) Wang, Xiaoming, 1957-; McKenna, Malcolm C.; DashzÄ—vÄ—g, DÄ—mbÄ—rÄ—liÄn.; Mongolian-American Museum Paleontological Project.; Mongolyn Shinzhlekh Ukhaany Akademi.; Central Asiatic Expeditions (1921-1930)Amphicticeps shackelfordi and Amphicynodon teilhardi are two small carnivorans from the early Oligocene Hsanda Gol Formation of central Mongolia, and as basal arctoids (infraorder Arctoidea) in Asia, feature unique combinations of morphologies that offer insights into early diversification and zoogeography of the arctoids. Lack of adequate study of Amphicticeps and incomplete knowledge about Amphicynodon, however, prevented them from being figured in the discussions of arctoid relationships. New associated dental and cranial materials collected during recent expeditions in the 1990s substantially enrich our knowledge of the two genera and their stratigraphic positions, and serve as an impetus for a study of their phylogenetic relationships in the broad perspective of basal Arctoidea. Hsanda Gol arctoids are represented by six small- to medium-sized species: Amphicticeps shackelfordi Matthew and Granger 1924, A. dorog, n.sp., A. makhchinus, n.sp., Amphicynodon teilhardi Matthew and Granger 1924,? Cephalogale sp., and Pyctis inamatus Babbitt, 1999. The three species of Amphicticeps apparently form an endemic clade confined to central Asia, whose zoogeographic origin is currently unknown. Amphicynodon has a much higher diversity in Europe than in Asia, and phylogenetically the Asian A. teilhardi seems to be nested within the European congeneric species, indicating an eastward dispersal for this group, linking the European "Grande Coupure" and the Asian "Mongolian Reconstruction" events. To avoid excessive homoplasies in crown groups, we attempted a phylogenetic reconstruction based mostly on stem arctoids. Twenty genera of primitive arctoids occupying basal positions of nearly all major clades are selected for the analysis. The resulting tree, based on 39 characters, approximates the initial divergence of the arctoids. The traditionally dichotomous Arctoidea, formed by sister clades Ursida and Mustelida, is recovered in our analysis. Mustelida is also largely dichotomous with mustelid-like forms on one side and procyonidlike forms on the other. Despite its rather hypercarnivorous dentition, Amphicticeps is found on the Ursida side of the arctoids, although support for such a topology is relatively weak. Amphicynodon is a stem taxon of the Ursida and is a sister to an ursid-pinniped clade.Item Amynodon mongoliensis from the Upper Eocene of Mongolia. American Museum novitates ; no. 859(New York City : The American Museum of Natural History, 1936) Osborn, Henry Fairfield, 1857-1935.; Wood, Horace Elmer, 1901-; Central Asiatic Expeditions (1921-1930)Item Andrewsarchus, giant mesonychid of Mongolia. American Museum novitates ; no. 146(New York City : The American Museum of Natural History, 1924) Osborn, Henry Fairfield, 1857-1935.; Olsen, George, d. 1939.; Central Asiatic Expeditions (1921-1930)Item An apparently new family of amblypod mammals from Mongolia. American Museum novitates ; no. 720(New York City : The American Museum of Natural History, 1934) Granger, Walter, 1872-1941.; Gregory, William K. (William King), 1876-; Central Asiatic Expeditions (1921-1930)Item Asiatic Mesonychidae (Mammalia, Condylarthra). Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 132, article 2(New York : [American Museum of Natural History], 1966) Szalay, Frederick S.; Gould, Stephen Jay.; Central Asiatic Expeditions (1921-1930)"The subfamily Mesonychinae is rediagnosed. Two new genera and species are described: Mongolonyx dolichognathus from the 'Irdin Manha' beds and Mongolestes hadrodens from the 'Ulan Gochu' Formation of Inner Mongolia. Harpagolestes was probably represented in Asia. ?Harpagolestes orientalis, new species, is described, and the published literature and most of the known specimens of this probably holarctic genus are re-evaluated. This is not, however, a substitute for a systematic revision of Harpagolestes. 'Mesonyx obtusidens,' reported by Gromova (1952), from the Naran Bulak beds of Mongolia, is a species of Pachyaena. Olsenia, a mesonychid described by Matthew and Granger (1925a) based solely on astragali, is not comparable to most of the known genera because of the scarcity of associations between mesonychid teeth and foot bones. The name 'Olsenia' is suggested to be a nomen dubium. A new subfamily, the Hapalodectinae, is erected and is based on Hapalodectes. 'Hapalodectes auctus,' described by Matthew and Granger (1925b), is not a mesonychid but a didymaconid. A new subfamily, the Andrewsarchinae, is diagnosed and is based on Andrewsarchus. Several unallocated Asiatic mesonychids are described. Studying the feeding mechanism of mesonychids led to a re-examination of the previous ideas of Boule, Matthew, and others, who maintained that the Mesonychidae had a very weak jaw musculature and that therefore these mammals could not fill a carnivore or scavenger niche. On the basis of the present studies, it seems very probable that mesonychids had a powerful mandibular musculature. The variation of the length/width ratio of homologous lower check teeth of various species of mesonychids might serve as an index to feeding habit. A relatively long lower cheek tooth suggests a carnivorous habit, while a relatively transverse, blunt lower tooth may indicate an omnivorous or scavenging habit. The Mesonychoidea, in agreement with the action of Van Valen (1966), are transferred from the Carnivora to the Condylarthra. No sound phylogenetic conclusions can be offered for the evolution within the Mesonychidae. The known diversity of mesonychids in the late Eocene and early Oligocene of Asia, and our ignorance of the Asiatic Paleocene and early and middle Eocene faunas would badly mar any proposed phylogeny. As a heuristic alternative, the arrangement of the known mesonychid genera to form several adaptive levels may partially clarify mesonychid diversity. In this paper the following five adaptive levels are suggested without implying any phyletic relationship between the various levels: carnivore level, advanced carnivore level, omnivore-carnivore level, omnivore level, bone-crushing level. This study of Asiatic mesonychids revealed a previously unsuspected diversity of genera among the Asiatic forms in comparison to European and North American taxa. The presence of at least 10 genera is ascertained from the poorly known Asiatic strata in comparison to the seven known genera of mesonychids from the relatively well-known early Tertiary of North America and Europe. For a summary of the known worldwide temporal and geographic distribution of the Mesonychidae, see tables 10 and 11"--P. 171.Item Baluchitherium grangeri, a giant hornless rhinoceros from Mongolia. American Museum novitates ; no.78(New York City : The American Museum of Natural History, 1923) Osborn, Henry Fairfield, 1857-1935.; Berkey, Charles Peter, b. 1867.; Central Asiatic Expeditions (1921-1930)Item Basin structures in Mongolia. Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 51, article 5.(New York : Published by order of the Trustees, The American Museum of Natural History, 1924) Berkey, Charles Peter, b. 1867.; Morris, Frederick Kuhne, 1886-; Central Asiatic Expeditions (1921-1930)Item Beginning of the age of mammals in Asia : the late Paleocene Gashato fauna, Mongolia. Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 144, article 4(New York : [American Museum of Natural History], 1971) Szalay, Frederick S.; McKenna, Malcolm C.; Central Asiatic Expeditions (1921-1930)"The earliest Tertiary mammalian fauna known from Asia occurs in southern Mongolia, where it is found in late Paleocene sediments approximately 55 million years old exposed at Gashato and in the Nemegt Basin. Romer (1966) has proposed, but not defined, a 'Gashatan Asiatic Age' for the Gashato fauna and we propose that the term be extended to the occurrence of the same fauna, although to a different faunal facies, in the Nemegt Basin, subsuming Romer's (1966) 'Ulanbulakian Asiatic Age.' We supply a definition of the 'Gashatan Asiatic Age': the joint overlapping time ranges of Palaeostylops, Pseudictops, Prionessus, and Eurymylus. Additional localities in Sinkiang and Kwangtung may also be Gashatan in age. The Gashato fauna is made up of a mixture of endemic genera and a few genera that evidently reached Asia via the Bering route from North America and beyond. There is no special similarity to Paleocene faunas of Europe, but this could be because of a double filtering action. Gashatan mammals have been the notoungulates, but recently Paleocene notoungulates been found in North America and there is no evidence that notoungulates as such originated in Asia. At the beginning of the Eocene (Sparnacian), increased northern dispersal brought about extensive, but still not complete, faunal replacement in eastern Asia. Analysis of geophysical data, as well as the faunal data, suggests that there is strong evidence for a dry-land dispersal route between the North American and European crustal blocks via Greenland and the Barents shelf as late as Sparnacian time in the Eocene, but not thereafter. During Paleocene time, climate and other factors had a filtering effect on dispersal via both the Bering and Greenland-Barents shelf routes, but the former was closer to the rotational pole position in the Paleocene and was a more effective filter. During Sparnacian time, the Bering area still acted as a filter, but the Greenland-Barents shelf route now showed little filter action. Presumably this was the result of a more equable climate. There is no evidence for a Greenland-Iceland-Faeroes dispersal route and some evidence against it. No attempt is made in the present paper to reevaluate, except insofar as they bear on correlation, the Gashatan multituberculates, pseudictopids, eurymylids, Phenacolophus, or pantodonts, but the following taxonomic adjustments are made: 1. Opisthopsalis is synonymized with Sarcodon, and Sarcodon and Hyracolestes are added to the insectivoran family Deltatheridiidae. 2. A new order, Anagalida, is proposed. The Anagalida includes the families Zalambdalestidae, Pseudictopidae, Anagalidae, and Eurymylidae. The Anagalidae are somewhat lagomorph-like and are believed to be related to lagomorphs. 3. Praolestes is referred to the Zalambdalestidae. 4. The Cretaceous genus Zalambdalestes is known from a single species, Z. lechei. The type specimen of Z. lechei is an extremely aged individual with cheek-tooth crowns nearly worn away. P[superscript]1 and P[superscript]2 have dropped out and the alveoli have closed. The type specimen of 'Z. grangeri' is a somewhat younger individual of the same species and the referred specimens in the Polish collections are younger still. New illustrations of American Museum specimens of Zalambdalestes are provided. 5. The Anagalidae are reported from the Paleocene for the first time and a new genus and species, Khashanagale zofiae, is named. A second species of Khashanagale or of a closely related form is present at Gashato, but is not named. 6. A small Dissacus-like mesonychid is present in the Gashato fauna at Gashato. 7. In the classification of uintatheres, utilization of Flerov's subfamily Prodinoceratinae is advocated in preference to Wheeler's subfamily Bathyopsinae"--P. 313.Item Bovidae from the Asiatic Expeditions. American Museum novitates ; no. 410(New York City : American Museum of Natural History, 1930) Allen, Glover M. (Glover Morrill), 1879-1942.; Central Asiatic Expeditions (1921-1930)Item Cadurcotherium ardynense, Oligocene, Mongolia. American Museum novitates ; no. 147(New York City : The American Museum of Natural History, 1924) Osborn, Henry Fairfield, 1857-1935.; Central Asiatic Expeditions (1921-1930)Item Cadurcotherium from Mongolia. American Museum novitates ; no.92(New York City : The American Museum of Natural History, 1923) Osborn, Henry Fairfield, 1857-1935.; Central Asiatic Expeditions (1921-1930)Item Carnivora of the Tung Gur Formation of Mongolia. Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 76, article 2.(New York : The American Museum of Natural History, 1939) Colbert, Edwin Harris, 1905-; Central Asiatic Expeditions (1921-1930)Item Chalicotheres from Mongolia and China in the American Museum. Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 67, article 8(New York : American Museum of Natural History, 1934) Colbert, Edwin Harris, 1905-; Central Asiatic Expeditions (1921-1930)Item Chinese fresh-water fishes in the American Museum of Natural History's collections : a provisional check-list of the fresh-water fishes of China. Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 58, article 1(New York : Published by order of the Trustees, American Museum of Natural History, 1928) Nichols, John T. (John Treadwell), 1883-1958.; Asiatic Zoological Expedition of the American Museum of Natural History (1916-1917); Asiatic Zoological Expedition of the American Museum of Natural History (1918-1919); Central Asiatic Expeditions (1921-1930)Item Contributions to the geology of northern Mongolia. Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 67, article 7(New York : The American Museum of Natural History, 1934) Beckwith, Radcliffe Harold, 1900-; Lebedeva, Z. A. (Zinaida Aleksandrovna); Kupletskii, B. M. (Boris Mikhailovich), 1894-1965.; Polynov, B. B. (Boris Borisovich), 1877-1952.; Krasheninnikov, Ippolit Mikhailovich, 1884-1947.; Central Asiatic Expeditions (1921-1930)Item Cooperia totadentata, a remarkable rhinoceros from the Eocene of Mongolia. American Museum novitates ; no. 1012(New York City : The American Museum of Natural History, 1938) Wood, Horace Elmer, 1901-; Olsen, George, d. 1939.; Central Asiatic Expeditions (1921-1930)