Browsing by Author "Carpenter, James M. (James Michael), 1956-"
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Item A phylogenetic approach to the neotropical social wasp genus Leipomeles Möbius, 1856 (Vespidae: Epiponini), with a new identification key (American Museum novitates, no. 4006)(American Museum of Natural History., 2023-12-19) Somavilla, Alexandre; Santos Vieira, Gabriel; Andena, Sergio Ricardo; Noll, Fernando B. (Fernando Barbosa); Carpenter, James M. (James Michael), 1956-Leipomeles Möbius, 1856, is a neotropical genus of swarm-founding wasps extending from Costa Rica to the middle of Brazil, with four species described. A combined phylogenetic analysis using female and male morphology, and nest architecture was performed with the program TNT. Leipomeles is supported as monophyletic with the following relationships among species: (L. pusilla + L. albogrisea) + (L. spilogaster + L. dorsata). A new identification key for the genus is also presented.Item Ancistrocerus capra (de Saussure, 1857), a valid species, not a synonym of A. antilope (Panzer, 1798) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) (American Museum novitates, no. 4002)(American Museum of Natural History., 2023-10-19) Fateryga, A. V. (Alexander V.), 1984-; Carpenter, James M. (James Michael), 1956-; Fateryga, Valentina V.Ancistrocerus capra was described by de Saussure in 1857 from North America and then was synonymized with the Palaearctic A. antilope (Panzer, 1798) by Bequaert in 1944. Although these species share a combination of two characters (impunctate and shining metapleuron and lateral surface of the propodeum and a bifurcate apex of the aedeagus) not known in other species of Ancistrocerus, they are clearly different in the structure of the clypeus (especially in the male) and the male genitalia (structure of the volsella, general shape of the aedeagus, and the structure of its ventral lobe). Thus, A. capra is again recognized as a distinct species in the present contribution. This species is distributed in the United States and Canada while A. antilope has a trans-Palaearctic distribution. Two subspecies of A. antilope known from North America are synonymized with A. capra: A. antilope navajo Bequaert, 1925 (new synonymy), and A. antilope allegrus Bequaert, 1944 (new synonymy); the taxonomic status of A. capra spenceri Bequaert, 1944, remains unclear. Bionomics of A. antilope and A. capra are similar; particularly, these species share an association with apparently the same species of symbiotic mites, Kennethiella trisetosa (Cooreman, 1942) (Sarcoptiformes: Winterschmidtiidae), and an unusual mating behavior correlated with this association (first of all, several copulations per pair). A difference, however, exists in the number of generations per year and the sex ratio: A. antilope has a single (overwintering) generation with a female-biased sex ratio while A. capra has an overwintering generation with a male-biased sex ratio and a summer one with a female-biased sex ratio.Item Are Monobia and Montezumia monophyletic? : a cladistic analysis of their species groups based on morphological data (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae). (American Museum novitates, no. 3733)(American Museum of Natural History., 2012-02-17) Hermes, Marcel G.; Carpenter, James M. (James Michael), 1956-A concept of the higher-level phylogeny of the Eumeninae remains elusive. As such, the naturalness of several genera occurring in the Neotropical region is doubtful, including Monobia and Montezumia. Morphological data were used to infer the phylogenetic relationships among the species groups within both genera, as well as to test their monophyly. Analyses recovered Monobia and Montezumia as monophyletic as long as Montezumia arizonensis and Montezumia aurata were included in Monobia. Most species groups proposed by Willink in 1982 were also recovered as monophyletic. Three new combinations are proposed in congruence with the phylogenetic results: Monobia arizonensis, new combination, Monobia aurata, revised combination, and Monobia oaxaca, new combination. An additional new species is described: Monobia goiana Hermes, new species.Item Catalog of species in the polistine tribe Ropalidiini (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). American Museum novitates ; no. 3199(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1997) Kojima, Jun-ichi, 1955-; Carpenter, James M. (James Michael), 1956-Item Checklist of species of the subfamily Masarinae (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). American Museum novitates ; no. 3325(New York, NY : American Museum of Natural History, 2001) Carpenter, James M. (James Michael), 1956-A checklist of species in the pollen wasp subfamily Masarinae is presented, including synonyms and distributional summaries. The 297 valid species and 15 additional subspecies are aranged in 14 genera, divided into two tribes, Gayellini and Masarini, with the latter divided into the subtribes Priscomasarina, Paragiina, and Masarina. Thirty-two new combinations are made.Item Direct optimization, sensitivity analysis, and the evolution of the hymenopteran superfamilies. (American Museum novitates, no. 3789)(American Museum of Natural History., 2013-12-05) Payne, Ansel.; Barden, Phillip.; Wheeler, Ward.; Carpenter, James M. (James Michael), 1956-Even as recent studies have focused on the construction of larger and more diverse datasets, the proper placement of the hymenopteran superfamilies remains controversial. In order to explore the implications of these new data, we here present the first direct optimization-sensitivity analysis of hymenopteran superfamilial relationships, based on a recently published total evidence dataset. Our maximum parsimony analyses of 111 terminal taxa, four genetic markers (18S, 28S, COI, EF-1[alpha]), and 392 morphological/behavioral characters reveal areas of clade stability and volatility with respect to variation in four transformation cost parameters. While most parasitican superfamilies remain robust to parameter change, the monophyly of Proctotrupoidea sensu stricto is less stable; no set of cost parameters yields a monophyletic Diaprioidea. While Apoidea is monophyletic under eight of the nine parameter regimes, no set of cost parameters returns a monophyletic Vespoidea or a monophyletic Chrysidoidea. The relationships of the hymenopteran superfamilies to one another demonstrate marked instability across parameter regimes. The preferred tree (i.e., the one that minimizes character incongruence among data partitions) includes a paraphyletic Apocrita, with (Orussoidea + Stephanoidea) sister to all other apocritans, and a monophyletic Aculeata. "Parasitica" is rendered paraphyletic by the aculeate clade, with Aculeata sister to (Trigonaloidea + Megalyroidea).Item Distributional checklist of species of the genus Polistes (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae, Polistini). American Museum novitates ; no. 3188(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1996) Carpenter, James M. (James Michael), 1956-Item The genus Euparagia Cresson (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Euparagiinae). (American Museum novitates, no. 3643)(2009) Carpenter, James M. (James Michael), 1956-; Kimsey, Lynn Siri.A new species of the wasp genus Euparagia Cresson, 1879, is described: unidentata Carpenter and Kimsey. The phylogenetic relationships of this and the other species in the genus are analyzed cladistically. A key to and catalog of the species are provided.Item A key to the Pacific genera of Eumeninae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) (American Museum novitates, no. 3995)(American Museum of Natural History., 2023-03-01) Carpenter, James M. (James Michael), 1956-A key to the genera of the Eumeninae occurring in Oceania is presented. Hitherto there has been no published key to these genera, making routine identification difficult. New combinations are Pararrhynchium atrum emifasciatum (Giordani Soika), Pararrhynchium simillimum (Giordani Soika), Parodynerus mariannensis (Bequaert and Yasumatsu), and Phimenes solomonis malaitensis (van der Vecht).Item Misidentification of Vespula alascensis as V. vulgaris in North America (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Vespinae). (American Museum novitates, no. 3690)(American Museum of Natural History., 2010) Carpenter, James M. (James Michael), 1956-; Glare, Travis R.Morphological and molecular-based comparisons of the North American yellowjackets identified as Vespula vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758) with samples from other parts of the world demonstrate they are not that species. The name Vespula alascensis (Packard, 1870) is applicable to the North American species, new status. Vespa communis de Saussure, 1857, non von Schrank, 1785, is a synonym of Vespula maculifrons (du Buysson, 1905), revised synonymy.Item New and rediscovered primitive ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in Cretaceous amber from New Jersey, and their phylogenetic relationships. American Museum novitates ; no. 3208(New York, N.Y. : American Museum of Natural History, 1997) Grimaldi, David A.; Agosti, Donat.; Carpenter, James M. (James Michael), 1956-Item A new Eustenoga[s]ter species (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Stenogastrinae), the first hover wasp known to overwinter on the nest ; American Museum novitates, no. 3534(New York, NY : American Museum of Natural History, 2006) Saito, Fuki.; Nguyen, Lien P. T.; Carpenter, James M. (James Michael), 1956-; Kojima, Jun-ichi, 1955-A new species of hover wasp, Eustenogaster nigra Saito and Nguyen, is described based on females and males collected mainly in northern Viet Nam. The wasp is also distributed in mountainous areas of central Viet Nam and the southern part of China. All distribution records are from areas with more-or-less distinct seasons in terms of temperature. The nest is described and compared with those of other Eustenogaster species. A nest collected during early spring in Tam Dao National Park in northern Viet Nam, where there is a more-or-less distinct 'winter', had five males and six virgin females, suggesting that both sexes overwinter on their nest.Item A new genus of hover wasps from Southeast Asia (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Stenogastrinae). American Museum novitates ; no. 3291(New York, NY : American Museum of Natural History, 2000) Carpenter, James M. (James Michael), 1956-; Starr, Christopher K., 1949-Chalogaster spatulata, new genus and species, is described from Viet Nam and northern Thailand. The genus belongs to the subfamily Stenogastrinae, a group of social wasps endemic to the Oriental Region. Cladistic analysis indicates that Chalogaster is the sister-group of the genus Metischnogaster van der Vecht. A revised key to the genera of Stenogastrinae is presented.Item A new species of Embolemus Westwood from the Mata Atlantica of Brazil (Hymenoptera, Embolemidae). American Museum novitates ; no. 3266(New York, NY : American Museum of Natural History, 1999) Amarante, Sérvio T. P.; Brandão, Carlos Roberto Ferreira.; Carpenter, James M. (James Michael), 1956-Item On "Molecular phylogeny of Vespidae (Hymenoptera) and the evolution of sociality in wasps". American Museum novitates ; no. 3389(New York, NY : American Museum of Natural History, 2003) Carpenter, James M. (James Michael), 1956-; Schmitz, J. (Jürgen); Moritz, Robin F. A.The alignment of molecular sequence data published by Schmitz and Moritz (1998. Molecular phylogeny of Vespidae (Hymenoptera) and the evolution of sociality in wasps, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 9: 183-191) supported closer phylogenetic relationship of Eumeninae to Polistinae + Vespinae than Stenogastrinae, from which they concluded that social behavior has independently evolved twice in the wasp family Vespidae. However, their analyses also showed the Vespidae as paraphyletic in terms of the bee family Apidae. Simultaneous analysis of these molecular data with published morphological and behavioral characters is presented. The resulting cladograms support monophyly of Vespidae, as well as monophyly of social wasps, with the primitively social Stenogastrinae being more closely related to the highly social Polistinae + Vespinae than the solitary Eumeninae. A realignment of the sequence data is also presented, which is more parsimonious than that published by Schmitz and Moritz. Analysis of the realigned sequences also supports monophyly of Vespidae, as well as monophyly of social wasps, with the Stenogastrinae being more closely related to Polistinae + Vespinae than are Eumeninae.Item Phylogenetic analysis of the neotropical Pseudopolybia de Saussure, 1863, with description of the male genitalia of Pseudopolybia vespiceps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Epiponini) ; American Museum novitates, no. 3586(New York, NY : American Museum of Natural History, 2007) Andena, Sergio Ricardo.; Noll, Fernando B. (Fernando Barbosa); Carpenter, James M. (James Michael), 1956-; Zucchi, Ronaldo.The male genitalia of Pseudopolybia vespiceps are described and compared to congeners. Characters of the male genitalia are combined with morphological characters of the females and nests and used in a phylogenetic analysis. The single cladogram resulting supports monophyly of the genus Pseudopolybia and interrelationships among the species as: P. langi + (P. difficilis + (P. compressa + P. vespiceps)). A new, illustrated identification key is presented.Item A phylogenetic analysis of the social wasp genus Brachygastra Perty, 1833, and description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Epiponini). (American Museum novitates, no. 3753)(American Museum of Natural History., 2012-07-26) Andena, Sergio Ricardo.; Carpenter, James M. (James Michael), 1956-Phylogenetic relationships among the species of the genus Brachygastra Perty, 1883, are analyzed based on characters of female morphology, male genitalia, and nest architecture. Analysis of the data matrix with equal weights results in one tree, which is also obtained under implied weighting. A new species is described and an identification key is presented. The males of B. borellii and B. scutellaris are described.Item Phylogenetic relationships among yellowjackets and the evolution of social parasitism (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Vespinae). American Museum novitates ; no. 3507(New York, NY : American Museum of Natural History, 2006) Carpenter, James M. (James Michael), 1956-; Perera, Estelle P.Cladistic analysis of 25 species of Dolichovespula and Vespula (yellowjackets) is used to investigate the evolution of social parasitism in these genera. Three species of yellowjackets are social parasites, or inquilines; that is, lacking a worker caste, and dependent on usurping the colony of a host species to obtain a worker force. Emery's Rule states that social parasites are more closely related to their hosts than to any other species. By investigating the phylogenetic relationships among the parasites and their hosts using cladistic analysis, we attempted to determine if Emery's Rule applies to yellowjackets, as is thought to be the case for the ants on which the theory was based. Sixty-eight morphological and behavioral characters are presented to resolve the phylogenetic relationships among these species. Cladistic analysis does not support Emery's Rule, because social parasites are not more closely related to their hosts than to any other species.Item Polybia, paraphyly, and polistine phylogeny. American Museum novitates ; no. 3298(New York, NY : American Museum of Natural History, 2000) Carpenter, James M. (James Michael), 1956-; Kojima, Jun-ichi, 1955-; Wenzel, John W.A cladistic analysis of the subgenera of the paper wasp genus Polybia Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae), and the other genera that construct phragmocyttarus nests, is presented. The results clearly indicate paraphyly of Polybia in terms of the genus Synoecoides Ducke. To remove the paraphyly, Synoecoides is reduced in rank, to a subgenus of Polybia, new synonymy.Item Rediscovery of the Australian pollen wasp Metaparagia doddi (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Masarinae). (American Museum novitates, no. 3664)(New York, NY : American Museum of Natural History., 2009) Carpenter, James M. (James Michael), 1956-; Davidson, Amy R.The first record of Metaparagia doddi Meade-Waldo since the description of the type is given, the male is described, and a host plant recorded. Characters of the male are scored in a cladistic data matrix previously published by Carpenter (1997); analysis of the revised matrix results in the same cladogram as in that study.